Chapter 17 provides an
overview of the Civil Rights movement, which, as Zinn writes, was a surprise to many but should
not have been. African-American writers such as Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes had been
documenting the oppression and rage of African Americans for decades. Zinn documents the smaller
steps the federal government took to advance civil rights, such as Truman's decision to
integrate the armed forces in 1948, before the landmark 1954 Supreme Court Brown v.
Board of Education decision unleashed the Civil Rights movement. He details the
nonviolent movement of Martin Luther King, Bob Moses, and others and the eventual turn to more
violent methods of protest and the eventual emphasis on African-American economic
empowerment.
Chapter 22 is about the growth of opposition movements,
including the anti-nuclear movement, which started in the early 1980s as a grassroots movement
and grew to include prominent scientists. Public opinion began to turn against nuclear armament
and...
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