What are the various elements€”scientific, technological, economic, and societal€”that came together during the eighteenth century to culminate in...

England
is known as the first country to bring about a full-scale Industrial Revolution in the
mid-eighteenth century. The country's Agricultural Revolution, rise of a middle class, control
over and use of colonies, and rise of industrial and scientific inventions were major causes of
the country's broad and impactful industrial revolution. England's Industrial Revolution brought
ever-increasing wealth disparities between rich and poor, a rising middle class, wide-scale
pollution, urbanization, massive exploitation of workers, and the destruction of common spaces
and communal lands.

Technologically, the mid-eighteenth century brought about
the invention of machines such as the flying shuttle, the Spinning Jenny, the water frame, and
the power loom. These innovations greatly increased the quantity and speed of textile
production. The invention of the steam engine dramatically transformed transportation and thus
the transportation of raw materials and manufactured goods.

Economically,
England's colonies provided an overseas consumer market. Additionally, India provided the
country with the raw resources for the textile mills. Additionally, England's colonies also
provided an overseas market.

Socially, the rising middle class sought to
distinguish themselves from poor and working-class folks through their consumption of
manufactured clothing and goods. As food surpluses grew, so did economic consumption of a
growing Victorian-era middle class.

Scientists contributed to the creation of
new energy sources and the rise of the chemical industries.