Why do Odysseus and his men burn an offering for the gods on the island of the Cyclops in The Odyssey?

While recounting the
tale of his travels to King Alcinous of Phaeacia, Odysseus says that when he and his men
discovered the cave of Polyphemus, the Cyclops, they first made a fire, next "made burnt
offering and [they then] took of the cheese and ate." Essentially, while they are waiting
for the cave's inhabitant to return, they made themselves at home in his home, eating and
enjoying the food they find. They are relying on an ancient Greek concept called
xenia, a concept which roughly translates to extreme hospitality. Any
travel during this era would require the traveler to rely on the kindness of strangers for food
and housing (and maybe more), and Zeus came to be the especial protector of travelers. Treating
travelers well became one way of heeding and paying homage to Zeus. Likewise, another religious
imperative dictated that, prior to feeding oneself, one would pour out and sacrifice some of
one's food to the gods. In order to claim their religious right to hospitality, sanctioned by
the gods themselves, Odysseus and his men really should adhere to other religious rules, such as
burning an offering of food to the gods, when appropriate.

What religion do the townspeople practice in "Young Goodman Brown" by Nathaniel Hawthorne?

"" byis set in Salem,
Massachusetts, at about the time of the notorious Salem Witch Trials. What that means, of
course, is that the prevailing religion in this story is Puritanism. 

While
those who called themselves Puritans desired to live holier lives, closer to God in a community
where they were free to worship, certain problems ensued. First, they believed that they had to
live pure (sinless) lives because they had no way of knowing if they were among God's Elect
(chosen people). This, of course, was an impossible task, since humans sin. All of
them. 

Second, in this theistic society, sins were treated as crimes and
people who sinned were punished as criminals. This practice, rather than promoting an
environment of sinlessness, eventually caused people to call out (snitch on) other people's sins
in an attempt to divert attention from or hide their own sins, in addition to their desire to
rid their town of sin. The severity of the punishments for sin also drove people to hide their
sins. Symbolically, the forest was the place where people met the devil; it was a place where
their true selves were on display.

In this story, Goodman Brown goes to the
forest to test his faith, and he sees all the people--including his beloved wife,
Faith--cavorting there with the devil. After he returns home, whether this was a dream or real,
Goodman Brown is changed by this experience.

On the
Sabbath-day, when the congregation were singing a holy psalm, he could not listen, because an
anthem of sin rushed loudly upon his ear, and drowned all the blessed strain. When the minister
spoke from the pulpit, with power and fervid eloquence, and with his hand on the open Bible, of
the sacred truths of our religion, and of saint-like lives and triumphant deaths, and of future
bliss or misery unutterable, then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should
thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers.

The same people Goodman Brown saw dancing and partying with the devil in the forest are
church members who live as if they are pious and holy. It is just to much for the man and he
loses his faith; ultimately, this same kind of disillusionment is what causes Puritanism to fade
away.

href="https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/puritanism">https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/puritanism

In "The Rope" Chapter of Kindred, what does Rufus want from Dana now that Alice is gone?

Rufus plans to
have sex with Dana and make her take Alice's place. Dana is a descendant of Alice (and Rufus,
for that matter) and she resembles Alice greatly. When this episode takes place, Alice has just
hanged herself. She and Rufus have several children together, and Rufus has threatened to sell
them as a means of controlling Alice. Instead, Alice kills herself. Rufus has lost the enslaved
woman who is forced to have sex with him and bear his children. He now plans to replace Alice
with Dana. He has also enslaved Dana when she is in the past, but by this time, Hagar, the child
of Alice and Rufus who is Dana's ancestor, has been born. Until now, Dana has been carried into
the past in order to ensure Rufus' survival. Now that Hagar has been born, Dana is free to stab
Rufus in order to escape.

Please provide me with a summary of the movie, Mean Girls, starring Lindsay Lohan.

Here are
the facts. Means Girls was produced by Mark Waters in 2004. It was written by Tina Fey of
Saturday Night Live fame. The cast included Lindsay Lohan, Rachel McAdams,
Amanda Seyfried and Tina Fey. 

The basic plot of the movie can be summarized
by four points. 

First, Lindsay Lohan as Cady Heron is the new girl in
school. She was home-schooled so far by her parents who were on assignment as zooligist. She
makes some friends,...

Favorite poetic form Is there a specific poetic form that you think would help you express yourself most effectively? WHY? (There is no right or wrong...

I have
two favorite poetic forms:and .

Free verse allows me to express myself
effectively because of the 'freedom' to use whatever literary devices I desire.

However, I also find Blank Verse allows me to express myself effectively because of the
constraints it imposes on me. I agree with the above post - I also enjoy the challenge of
creating according to a prescribed pattern - in the case of Blank Verse, Iambic
Pentameter.

It depends on the poem's...

What basic points are to be considered while writing an essay on the theme of Individuality in Robinson Crusoe?

Throughout the
novel, Crusoe longs to fulfill his own individuality. From the very beginning of the novel,
Crusoe feels the need to emancipate himself from the authority of family tradition. Robinson
suffers for the constraints put upon him by his family milieu and his head began to be filled
very early with rambling thoughts. He is completely alienated from the mercantile class to which
his father and his family belong, although, in the course of the novel, he will come to embody
those very values of economic profitability (including the profitability of the slave trade)
that he had...

What is the symbolic nature of the trip to the sea in "The Stranger"?

The trip to
the sea represents change in Meursault's life.  This change is a deviation to his normal
routine, which will put him under the influence of others.  The reason that the sea is chosen is
that it in itself represents chanage.  The sea is never the same; it is constantly moving, and
therefore, constantly changing.

Besides just being a deviation from his daily
routine, this trip is the catalyst to the end of Meursault's routine forever.  It is by going to
the beach that Meursault is trapped in the chain of events that will lead him to commit a murder
and be sentenced to death.  He has little control of the chain of events - they move like the
tide, and carry him along with them. 

Meursault accepts this.  Although
others in the courtroom feel he is cold-blooded, he is simply accepting of his lack of free
will, and willing to be pushed around by the tide.  He has one angry tirade, but in that is able
to let go of his need to think like a "free man", and thus he remains passive to the
last.

What are 3 examples of framing stories throughout Homer's Odyssey?

Although
contemporary readers encounter 's Odyssey as a single book, the ancient
audience would have heard the epic recited by rhapsodes in segments roughly corresponding to
what are now book divisions. Because only part of the story was heard at a given time, and also
due to the lack of "backward scanning" possibility in oral performance, much of the
backstory is told within frames. Often the same plot elements are recounted multiple times
within the epic in different frames, something that fills in audiences who might have missed
parts of the story.

The opening of the Odyssey has the
gods meeting on Mount Olympus. This serves as a frame for reminding the audience of important
events in the Trojan war and the current set of relationships among the gods and the returning
heroes.

Telemachus tells the story of the suitors and how they have overrun
the palace in the absence of Odysseus. This helps fill the reader in concerning the length
Odysseus has been away and what has happened in his...

href="">

In the end, why don't George and Candy still buy the ranch after Lennie is gone in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck?

The
logical thing forto do would be to find a wife, not some old man with one hand who would be
doing the housework and a little gardening. George is young, strong, industrious, capable. He
might be able to find a widow who owned her own farm and would be delighted to have a man to
take over all the hard outdoor work (like the character played by Tim Holt in the 1948 movie The
Treasure of the Sierra Madre). Or George might be able to find an unmarried woman who had a few
hundred dollars saved up. After all, he only needed six hundred dollars to buy a little farm in
those days. If he had a wife he would soon have children and be living a normal life on his own
property. This was the common pattern all over America. I am reminded of Knut Hamsun's novel
Growth of the Soil, a marvelous book by a Nobel prize-winning author. Thedeveloped some land in
Norway and built his own house. It wasn't long before he had a wife to share the place with him
and to share the labor.

In what ways does Kafka's The Metamorphosis extend Nietzsche's assertion that science replaced God in the nineteenth century?

Nietzsche, an atheist,
argued that the idea of God died as a result of the Enlightenment and its focus on science and
empiricism, which is the belief that knowledge results from experience, especially sensory
experience. We have to be able to sense (see, smell, hear, touch, or taste) something to know
that it is true or real. Since we cannot know God in this way, the idea of God "died,"
so to speak. The world of seems likewise godless, but it appears that what
has replaced God as an all-powerful being is not science, but money.

As an
economic system, capitalism privileges only what can be turned into currency, or capital. Before
Gregor Samsa's transformation, he worked all the time: traveling away from home, eating
unappetizing food on the road, and staying alone in strange hotels, all without time or energy
to devote to relationships or anything else that might make his life more fulfilling or
satisfying. After his transformation, his family quickly begins to think of him as a burden
because he can no longer contribute to their financial well-being. He brings in no money, and
since money is like a new god that everyone must serve, Gregor is eventually ignored by them at
best or even abused by them at worst. Thus, Kafka extendsor perhaps even revisesNietzsche's idea
that science is the new God by suggesting that money is, in fact, the new
God.

Which president had the most lasting impact on the major Progressive issues?

I would
argue that Franklin Delano Roosevelt, or FDR, had the greatest impact on Progressive ideals and
policies.While many before and after him have come up with a variety of progressive ideas, he
was the one to fully invest and implement the New Deal and create a lasting change in the
country.

Following the squalor of the Great Depression in the 1930's,
Roosevelt implemented the New Deal to create jobs and stimulate economic progress throughout the
nation.His creation of Social Security, transcontinental railroads, minimum wage, and more have
drastically changed the way the country runs.With a promise of some sort of security, there is a
safety net for people when they cannot work.There are also basic provisions for employment (40
hour work week, minimum wage) that ensure fair labor practices.The results he achieved, such as
the railroad and other projects, vastly improved the overall economic climate and allowed
business throughout America to flourish.

Describe and explain the ideologies behind the characteristics of late nineteenth century and early twentieth century American foreign policy. What...

In the late
1800s and early 1900s (up through World War I) there were two main competing ideologies that
informed American foreign policy.  Generally speaking, these were the policies of idealism and
of imperialism.

This period saw the beginning of American overseas
imperialism.  There were many people, such as Theodore Roosevelt and Alfred Thayer Mahan, who
wanted the US to exert power around the globe.  They wanted the US to be a major power in the
world, and this meant having...

Why did Richard Cory kill himself?

is
envied by the common people he walks past every day and seems to have everything a person could
ask for. Richard Cory is an immaculately dressed gentleman, who is refined and polite. The
narrator comments that Richard Cory seemed to glitter when he walked and describes him as being
"richer than a king." Despite Richard Cory's stately appearance and positive
reputation as a consummate gentleman, he abruptly commits suicide on a calm summer night. While
the narrator never directly states why Richard Cory kills himself, it is implied that he lives
an isolated, empty life. Unlike the working class civilians, who the narrator collectively
refers to as "we," Richard Cory travels by himself and seems to sorely lack human
interaction. Despite having status and material wealth, Richard Cory lacks valuable
relationships and opportunities for social interactions, which make life meaningful. While
Richard Cory's reasons for committing suicide may be ambiguous, the poet's message is clear.
Material wealth and social status are shallow qualities, which do not give life meaning or
value.

Code Of Hammurabi Laws Compared To Today's Laws

Like the
laws of today, Hammurabi's Code lays out specific punishments for specific crimes. This is meant
to create equity in the way that punishments are meted out. Both the Babylonians and today's
society have a strong desire for the application of justice. That is ultimately why legal
systems are created. In a just society, people need to be held accountable for their actions
which harm others. A legal system helps to ensure this.

However, unlike
today, Babylonian punishments vary depending on one's social class. While in practice, href="https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/">certain populations today
are disproportionally punished for some crimes, this is not enshrined in official law.
The modern legal code does not differentiate between social class.

Like
today's legal system, Hammurabi's Code lays out the way that trials are conducted. It spells out
the requirement for witnesses and impartial judges. Unlike today, though, an accuser in
Babylonian times was responsible for bringing the accused to court rather than law...

href="https://www.ushistory.org/civ/4c.asp">https://www.ushistory.org/civ/4c.asp

Whats the only thing the people call theirs own? Does it stay true throughout the story? Does it stay true throughout the story?

One of the
premises of this book is that reality as we think of it does not exist.  As long as you cling to
an "objective" reality, you are deceived.  If you continue to truly believe that 2 + 2
= 4, you are deceived because in their world 2 + 2 = anything the party wants it to be.  This is
mirrored in their treatment of the past where it has no objective reality, but is anything that
the party says it is/has...

What is Nick's attitude towards Gatsby in the final passage of the book?

In the final
passage,returns to the deep admiration he expressed forin the opening pages of the novel. At
novel's end, he has just metin the city, and while he finds himself unable to forgive Tom for
all that has happened, he recognizes, with some contempt, that Tom feels "entirely
justified" in how he has behaved. What then follows is Nick's famous statement
characterizing Tom andas spoiled children:

Careless people
. . . they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money . .
.

In contrast to this "foul dust," as Nick
characterized it at the beginning of the book, Gatsby stands as a tragic hero, pursuing a dream
impossible to realize with grandeur, pathos, and grace.

In the novel's last
two short paragraphs, Nick affirms Gatsby as a dreamer and believerbeginning with the
third-person singular statement "Gatsby believed." Interestingly, though, he
immediately switches to using the first person plural: "us" and "we." Gatsby
becomes the symbol of all who dream, all who yearn to reconstruct an idealized past, no matter
how hopeless the task:

It eluded us then, but no
matterto-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther . . . And one find
morning

So we beat on . . .

Gatsby
becomes hope writ universal: he encompasses Nick and the readers and the American Dream too, all
that persists and yearns and loves and works despite a cynical reality and a past that can never
return. Nick finds in Gatsby the doomed but larger-than-life spirit in all of us who still
retain some innocence and idealism.

What is the theme of "Araby" by James Joyce?

One of
the story's most important themes is the extraordinary hold that fantasy can exert upon us, how
it can distort our perspective of what is real.

The unnamed boyis certainly
in the grip of a very powerful, intoxicating fantasy. He yearns to escape the confines of his
boring, workaday existence, with its relative poverty and lack of excitement, to a world of
exotic fantasy, the kind of fantasy that he believes will be provided by the bazaar of the
title.

Mangan's sister, the object of the boy's affections, is a crucial
component of the fantasy world he's constructed for himself. She is the main reason for his
going to the bazaar as he wants to buy her a nice gift. But as the boy stands there in the
darkening hall, with all the stalls being packed up, cold hard reality finally hits home, and
the fantasy which had previously held him in its thrall has vanished forever.

What explanation does Mr. Hooper give Elizabeth as to why he refuses to remove his veil in "The Minister's Black Veil"?

When his
fianc©e Elizabeth asks Mr. Hooper to remove his veil because there may be "whispers"
that he hides "under the consciousness of secret sin" rather than the "type of an
innocent sorrow," as he claims, the minister smiles a sad, obscure smile and
responds,

"There is an hour to come," said he,
"when all of us shall cast aside our veils. Take it not amiss, beloved friend, if I wear
this piece of crape till then."

Refusing to remove
his mask until others remove their figurative masks and become honest about their sins, Mr.
Hooper seems committed to getting people to acknowledge their humanity and their faults, a true
challenge for Puritans for whom such exposure can lead to condemnation as they may be thought of
as among the Unregenerate. No matter whatever his true intent is, Mr. Hooper clearly wishes to
teach a moral lesson by wearing the black veil as a symbol that each man and woman can interpret
according to their own consciences.
His act is certainly an honorable one as he is
willing to be ostracized by members of the community who become uncomfortable when they cannot
read what is on his own face and fear what he may know.

How does Oedipus' answer to the Sphinx's riddle foreshadow Oedipus' own life?

The Sphinx is a mythical being said to have the head of a woman, the body of a lioness,
the wings of an eagle, and the tail of a serpent. She guards the city of Thebes and poses a
riddle to travelers who intended to enter it. The riddle is, "What goes on four feet in the
morning, two feet at noon, and three feet in the evening?" If the traveler is unable to
answer the riddle, the Sphinx devours them.

solves the riddle when he
arrives in Thebes after leaving Corinth to escape the Oracle's prophecy that he will kill his
father and marry his mother. The answer to the riddle: a man. In the morning of his life, a man
is a baby who walks on four feetcrawling on its hands and knees. At noon of his life, the man is
an adult, walking on two feet. When the man is old, in the evening of his life, he walks with a
cane.

The answer to the riddle is particularly well-suited to
Oedipus.

How does Big Brother and the Party's abuse of power affect Winston in 1984? Please be as detailed as possible.

Big
Brother and the ruling Party abuse power by eradicating individuality and requiring complete
orthodoxy from Party members at all times, which negatively impacts 's personal and public life.
As a member of the Outer Party, Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, where he fabricates and
alters historical documents to coincide with the Party's current policies. At work, Winston must
maintain his composure, behave in a completely orthodox manner, and hide his negative feelings
towards Big Brother. Winston is also forced to attend community events that honor Big Brother
and pretend to admire Oceania's fearless, omnipotent leader. Despite the fact that Winston
completely disagrees with the Party's policies and does not believe or accept their propaganda,
he is forced to act like he loves and respects Big Brother.

Big Brother also
negatively affects Winston's private life because he is prohibited from engaging in any personal
interests or embracing his individuality. Winston...

What's the universal theme of The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka ? 2 examples

One theme of the text
is that capitalism allows for, perhaps even encourages, the exploitation of
workers. Gregor keeps his job as a traveling salesman so that he can pay back his
father's debt to the boss. He also turns over his entire paycheck to his father for this purpose
as well as to manage the family's finances. Rather than use every spare cent to pay back the
debt so that Gregor can be freed of this obligation, his father actually saves a good deal, and
this means that Gregor will have to work longer. He is ill-treated by his boss and manager, and
he is exploited by his own family (none of whom work while he does).

Another
theme of the text is that art has the power to unite and inspire the working class
to throw off the yoke of exploitation . Consider Grete's musical performance in
front of the three snobby boarders. The family's...

What is the significance of Laura's glass menagerie, especially the symbolic unicorn, in Tennessee Williams' play The Glass Menagerie?

In addition
to the glass menagerie, especially the glass unicorn, symbolizing Laura's fragility and feelings
of freakishness, the glass further symbolizes her hidden inner
radiance. Her inner radiance is symbolized through the glass's ability to radiate
light, as she points out to Jim when she hands him the unicorn: "Hold him over the light,
he loves the light! You see how the light shines through him?" (Scene VII). Little does she
realize that she equally emits light due to her gentleness,
goodness, and prettiness. The loss of the unicorn's horn further symbolizes Laura
shedding her belief that she is "freakish," a belief Jim
helps her shed by commenting that he never noticed her brace and that he wished she had made
more friends, and by conversing with her, dancing with her, calling her pretty, and kissing
her.

Yet, one may argue against the interpretation that Laura giving him the
broken unicorn after he announces he is engaged means that she is relinquishing her
understanding...

How is conformity enforced in 1984? The Thought Police?

Conformity is
enforced in a number of ways in . Firstly, the Thought Police are one
method of ensuring conformity because they represent the threat of violence and imprisonment in
the Ministry of Love.

Secondly, conformity is enforced through the
telescreens. By constantly monitoring the movements and conversations of Party members, the
Party ensures that people do exactly as they are told and, therefore, all behave in the same
conformist manner. Once again, violence is key here: people behave because they know the
penalties for flouting the Party's expectations.

The Party also enforces
conformity through the Two Minutes' Hate. During this ritual, everyone expresses their hate
against Goldstein in the same manner, in the same location, and at the same time, thereby
creating conformity among Party members.

Finally, conformity is also
enforced through Newspeak. This language, developed by the Party, is designed to make
thoughtcrime impossible and, therefore, ensure the conformity of...

Describe the traits of one of the main characters from The View from Saturday.

One
important character in the novel is the teacher Mrs. Olinski. She has recently returned to the
middle-school classroom after a devastating accident that left her legs paralyzed but killed her
husband. When she is charged with selecting and training a group of students who can win the
rigorous academic competition, her choices are not those her principal would have made. Her
classroom has its share of rowdy, disrespectful students, and she must tap her deep reserves of
patience to channel their energy, not just discipline them. Resilience is another key trait she
demonstrates, as well as creativity in interacting with the children as well as helping them
work through the project plans.

The students in The Souls group help her
focus and renew her belief in the importance of her work. As they also gain confidence and throw
themselves into the competition, their efforts even more than their eventual victory help her
see what this experience means to them and sometimes their parents, as
well.

Why did the Byzantine Empire fall?

The answer to
this depends on whether your instructor wants you to give an immediate cause or an ultimate
cause of the fall of the Byzantine Empire.

The immediate cause of the fall of
this empire was the Siege of Constantinople in 1453.  In that year, Constantinople, the capital
of the empire, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks.  The Ottomans had been fighting the
Byzantines for about 100 years by that time and they had weakened the empire enough that they
were finally able to take Constantinople and put an end to the Byzantine Empire.

The ultimate causes of the fall of the empire are the factors that weakened it, making
it susceptible to defeat at the hands of the Ottomans.  There are many such factors.  One of
these was the founding and the rise of Islam.  Aggressive Muslim leaders attacked the empire,
taking important parts such as Egypt from Byzantine control.  A second factor was the coming of
the Seljuk Turks.  They took over much of Asia Minor, cutting of the Byzantines from even more
of what had been their empire.  A third factor was the Crusades.  The Crusades were originally
launched partly to help the Byzantines against the Muslims, but the Crusaders (who were
Catholic) eventually turned against the Byzantines (who were Orthodox) and took Constantinople
in 1204.  Although the Byzantines got the city back 60 years later, their empire was weakened by
this defeat.  Finally, we can say that internal strife caused the empire to fall.  There were
two civil wars in the empire in the early 1300s, which was both a symptom of internal conflict
and a cause of further weakness. 

All of these factors helped contribute to
the fall of the Byzantine Empire, but the immediate cause of that fall was the Siege of
Constantinople, successfully undertaken by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

href="http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/birth/5/FC45">http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/birth/5/FC45

How do you think the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw should have ended?

Shaw leaves
us hanging at the end of the play, with Eliza having walked out on Higgins but not having yet
agreed to marry Freddy. Shaw then goes on to explain in an afterword exactly what happened.
Eliza does not marry Higgins. He is too old for her, and more importantly, he would always put
his mother and his work ahead of her. Eliza, Shaw says, wants a companionate marriage in which
she is the primary object of her husband's attention and affection.

That
leaves Freddy, who is young, handsome, a gentleman, and adores her. He is weak and Eliza is
strong, which Shaw argues is a good basis for a marriage.

The Hollywood movie
version has Eliza and Doolittle falling into each other's arms at the end. I believe that is the
wrong ending. I would, however, have Eliza shown agreeing to
marry...

Compare and contrast (mainly contrast) aspects of Sumerian (or Mesopotamian), Hindu, and Ancient Greek religion as conveyed in the epics.

In
comparing and contrasting what we learn about the ancient Sumerian (Mesopotamian), Greek, and
Hindu religions as they are represented in the great epics of their respective cultures, we can
look at the practice of ritual sacrifice as well as the characteristics of the
deities.

In The Epic of Gilgamesh, we read that Enkidu
and Gilgamesh cut out the heart of the Bull of Heaven and offer it in sacrifice to the sun god,
Shamash. In The Iliad, Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia to
regain in the good graces of the goddess Artemis. In The Odyssey, Odysseus
sacrifices a number of animals, including a ram and ewe, while in Hades. In
The Mahabharata, Emperor Bharata performs the
Ashvamedha, an elaborate horse sacrifice reserved for kings and emperors. Animal sacrifice,
according to these epics, was a part of all three religions.

While the
ancient Sumerian and Greek religions are no longer practiced, Hinduism is still a major world
faith and has many different branches, the great majority of...

What does the Preamble of the United States Constitution state?

A
preamble in general serves as an opening statement that describes
the primary purpose of the document that follows. It is not unlike an introductory paragraph to
a literary essay. The text to the Preamble of the United States
Constiturion is as follows:

We the People
of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the
Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.

It follows the format
of a traditional preamble by stating the reasons, purposes, intentions and philosophy for the
drafting of the Constitution. Its intent includes the search for justice, tranquility, national
defense, and liberty. Judicially, the preamble has little power in the courts; instead, it is
recognized for the "spirit" it exudes, and the courts generally "express a
preference for broad interpretations of individual freedoms."

In Stargirl, what's the main conflict and how is it resolved?

The
original question had to be edited.  I would suggest that the main conflict in the novel is how
to navigate social assimilation in the high school setting.  This becomes critically important
forand Leo.  Both of them are impacted by this conflict in different ways.  Leo's reaction to it
is something that he does not fully understand until later on in his life.
 Stargirl...

Why is Goodman Brown surprised by the people he sees in the forest?

As he travels
with the old man who resembles his grandfather, Goodman Brown is surprised to see the highly
esteemed members of the Puritan community. As he walks on a path leading deeper into the forest
primeval, his faith is shaken when he recognizes Goody Cloyse, a "Christian woman" who
was his catechism teacher, along with Deacon Gookin and the minister.

Goodman
Brown is shaken by his encounter with Goody Cloyse, who is well-acquainted with the Goodman's
companionthe Devil disguised in the likeness of Goodman's grandfather. Goodman wonders how Goody
would be familiar with this man, since she represents the precepts of Puritan faith and what
Goodman has considered good and pure. Then, as he continues along the path, Brown recognizes the
voices of Deacon Gookin and the minister. They eagerly speak of the Black Sabbath that they will
attend and of the "goodly young woman to be taken into communion."

"With heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand firm
against the devil!" cried Goodman Brown.

Shaken by
the sight of those members of his community he has known to be "famous for their special
sanctity," Goodman Brown's beliefs are destroyed when he witnesses their association with
the wicked as they pay homage to the "prince of all." Nevertheless, he feels "a
loathful brotherhood by the sympathy of what was wicked in his heart." Then, seeing his
wife, Faith, Goodman calls out to her to "resist the wicked one."

After calling to Faith, Goodman Brown suddenly finds himself alone in the forest.
Perhaps he has "fallen asleep and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch meeting." At
any rate, Brown has lost his belief in the goodness of man, and he lives the remainder of his
life in a "misery unutterable" because he has found the Puritan faith corruptible in
people he previously considered good Christians.

How does each family member react to Gregor after his transformation in The Metamorphosis€”what is different and similar about each reaction?

All of the
family members in Kafka's The Metamorphosis receive
quite a shock upon seeing Gregor's transformation. Their reactions to him and how they choose to
deal with the situation all betray their relationships with him, revealing what they actually
feel about the young man.

His sister is the only family member to come to his
aid, asking if he has become ill. She immediately tries to console him and help him, if at all
possible. Grete, the sister, begins collecting foods she believes he may now be interested in
after his transformation, so that he can eat and be comfortableincluding decayed vegetables,
cheese, old leftovers and bones that had begun to harden.

His mother, Mrs.
Samsa, is distressed at the transformation, overwhelmed by emotion and grief. She tries her best
to console him and help him, but she can't bear to look at him. In her grief, she tries her best
to act with motherly affection, but has a difficult time overcoming his appearance.

Gregor's father, Mr. Samsa, is...

How does science fiction as a literary 'genre' distinguish itself from fantasy?

As a ,
Sciencedistinguishes itself from Fantasy in the elements of technology and science as opposed to
magic and the supernatural. Most of both genres have similar patterns with a human component,
different worlds, creatures or aliens and a quest.

With Fantasy, supernatural
forces, divine intervention and/or magic are major elements that make up the genre. They are
linked to the realm of that particular story line.

Science Fiction removes
the magic and the supernatural with science and technology. Whereas a wizard may heal the sick
through touch and a chant, in science...

How is Gothic literature reflected in the major theme of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson?

First, we need to identify the major theme of
Stevenson's novella , then second, pin point central features of Gothic
literature to see which might be reflected in the theme. It is good to note that Dr.
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is recognized as Romantic Gothic literature.

The central theme of Stevenson's story is how identity is affected by the duality of
good and evil. Jekyll is fully aware of the duality within himself. Jekyll, on the one hand,
loves the respect of his peers and friends and, on the other hand, enjoys a little wickedness in
behavior. If this duality were known about, it would sully his reputation. The deeper duality
("deeper trench") came in Jekyll's need to appear to have
only one side to his nature, not two:

from the high views
that I had set before me, I regarded and hid [my irregularities] with an almost morbid sense of
shame.

Since his struggle with shame over the appearance
of a divided self affected his happy participation in either good or evil, he dreamed of a way
to operate as two separate people.

I had learned to dwell with pleasure, as a beloved daydream, on the thought of the
separation of these elements. If each, I told myself, could be housed in separate identities,
life would be relieved of all that was unbearable

It is
to the fulfillment of this dream that his research in metaphysical and transcendental medicine
eventually led, resulting in the birth of Mr. Hyde.

Gothicism was originated with Walpole in England in 1765,
a little ahead of the origination of Romanticism with Goethe in Germany in 1774. [It is of
interest that Goethe later renounced the Romantic movement and the first Romantic novel
The Sorrows of Young Werther when he saw a young woman pulled from a watery
grave in a semi-frozen river with a copy of Young Werther in her skirt
pocket.]

Romanticism's dark side embraced Gothicism as is evidenced by
Romantic era works like The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Coleridge),
Jane Eyre (Bronte) and Frankenstein (Shelley). As
these titles illustrate, two prominent features of Gothic
literature are the duality between good and evil along with death and
dying.

Therefore, the features of Gothic literature reflected in the major
theme of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are the Gothic consciousness of humanity's
inner battle between impulses of good and evil and a fascination with the process of dying and
the possibly judgmental nature of death as seen in Hyde/Jekyll's demise.

Which federal agencies formulate and execute policies regarding climate change?

Strictly speaking, this question asks who
formulates and who executes policy, and it restricts the question to federal agencies. But let's
look a little more broadly.

First, Congress defines the broad issues of how
the government enacts policies with regards to climate change. It does so by creating or
modifying agencies and by writing legislation to address specific issues it considers
important. 

Second, many interpretations of that legislation end up in front
of the courts, who increasingly have had a greater hand in deciding issues involving climate
change. 

But among the agencies themselves, we have those who monitor, those
who manage, and those who enforce. Among the monitors we have agencies such as NOAA (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and US Geological Survey (USGS); they collect data and
prepare briefs on critical changes in the climate. Other agencies who also monitor include
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and various fisheries and wildlife
agencies. 

Among those who manage are the Department of Agriculture, US
Forestry Service, and Department of Energy, to name a few. They are empowered to define
practices in farming, logging, fuel use, and other areas that can have an effect on climate
change.

When it comes to enforcing, the lead agency -- as the name suggests
-- is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA has statutory powers to enforce actions
that the other agencies mentioned often do not. An EPA notice can close down a business and the
EPA can extend well beyond its legislative mandate to take action on hazards causing climate
change. Where the EPA may not have full power to act, as in the case of commercial long-haul
trucks, other agencies such as the Department of Transportation and Department of Energy may
step in. However for most practical matters involving climate change, the lead enforcer is the
EPA. It counts on many Federal and state agencies to provide it with the data to support its
position and to identify violators. And certain major parts of the environmental economy that
involve large-scale policy such as acceptable crops or logging practices are managed by other
agencies better equipped to deal with the issues. 

Do you enjoy reading short stories? While novels are the more popular fiction form, do you enjoy reading short stories? Do you read them rarely,...

W. Somerset
Maugham's "Rain" is my favorite short story, and if I ran the zoo it would be the
official greatest short story of all time. Maugham's novels have never really done it for me,
but his stories are amazing distillations of human nature. An earlier post referred to the
"ice berg" theory of short story writing--that is, that two-thirds of the story are
what the reader infers from the little bit that is actually on the page. "Rain"
epitomizes this kind of story.

I'm not big on surprise endings, though I love
being taken in unexpected directions. Maupassaunt and Saki are like snacking on spicy
appetizers. For sheer craziness, read T.C. Boyle's stories involving chimpanzees and what they
bring out in people. Or his "Hector Quesadilla's Story."

Let's not
forget "Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories" by Jean Shepard (who also gave us the
stories upon which the film A Christmas Story was based--which, incidentally reminds me of A
Christmas Memory by Truman Capote, one of the best American short stories and the best by anyone
about Christmas).

Long works are more easily satisfying, in part because the
author has the luxury of playing around a little. Extended dialog can tolerate (to a point) more
grunts, miscommunications, spoonerisms--whatever develops characters and makes them familiar to
us. Tangents can take us into the author's or narrator's hidden mind. Landscapes can sculpt a
whole topography of moods and expectations. The moment a short story begins to wander off point,
it becomes a fragment of a longer work and leaves the reader feeling underfed. A great short
story contains everything the reader needs for a single-serving, supremely satisfying meal and
leaves the reader with one of those haunting memories, like the one about the perfect burger
seasoned and grilled like no other you have ever eaten.

What's the tone of the short story "The Necklace"?

The plot of
the story is ironic, but the tone is simple and straightforward. It is told by a narrator who
speaks in simple language, which leads the reader to believe this is a simple, straightforward
tale of loss and suffering. The tone reflects the superficial mind of the central character,
Mathilde Loisel, and the mind of her simple, kind-hearted husband. For example, the
self-centered Mathilde thinks the following:

She had no
clothes, no jewels, nothing. And these were the only things she loved; she felt that she was
made for them.

Mathilde's inability to see beneath the
surface of things, mirrored in the storys unreflecting tone, makes her unable to see, or even
imagine, that the glittering diamond necklace that so attracts her might be a cheap fake or that
the values it represents might equally be false. Her husband, though a good man, takes Mathilde
similarly at face value: he cannot see how shallow she is in the same way that she can't delve
beneath her superficial desire for pretty things. 

This inability to discern
the true worth of things leads the couple to pay full cost for a real diamond necklace when they
lose the necklace Mathilde has borrowed. The greatis that Mathilde finds out in the end that the
necklace she sacrificed everything to replace is a worthless piece of
paste.

What problems did Germany face after World War I?

Germany
faced numerous problems after .  The most pressing involved the political climate.  After the
defeat of Germany, the Wilhelm II was forced to abdicate and the Weimar Republic was declared. 
This was only after a revolution that took place in 1918-19.  The Republic, however, was on
shaky ground to begin with.  There were over thirty political parties, though only six had any
real power.  This situation meant that parties had to form coalitions with one another to get
anything done.  Since the parties were more interested in their survival than that of the
makeshift Republic, these coalitions often proved weak.

There were also at
least three major money problems.  First, the reparation payments of the Versailles Treaty,
though still quite exorbitant, were manageable.  Second, the shift to a peace time economy was
rather smooth because Germany continued to print money, which led to the astronomical inflation
of 1923-4.  Third, because of the weakening by inflation and the dependence on foreign loans,
the Great Depression hit Germany especially hard. 

What was most pressing,
however, was the psychological shock of losing the war.  Many people, especially due to
fabricated military reports, were surprised to learn of Germany's defeat.  (Hitler was one of
these people.)  There was also the stab-in-the-back theory, insisting the military lost because
of poor political support.

How is "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" a tale for children?

The short
story "" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells of a couple in a poor seaside village that
discovers an old man with large wings in the courtyard of their house in the aftermath of a
heavy rainstorm. The old man is injured and filthy, and he speaks in a language that they cannot
understand. Although they recognize the possibility that the old man might be an angel, the
couple locks him up in their chicken coop.

The priest comes and inspects the
old man, but because he cannot speak Latin, which the priest considers the language of God, the
priest thinks that he may be sent from the Devil. He decides to write to higher Catholic
authorities to get their opinion.

When a crowd gathers, the couple realizes
they can make money out of their captive visitor and charges admission to see him. This works
well until a circus comes along with a more interesting attraction: a creature with the head of
a young woman and the body of a spider. The old man eventually...

How does gothic literature upend some of the fundamental beliefs about science and religion people held in nineteenth century Britain and America?

The
1790s are often considered the heyday of gothic literature; however, the genre has never fallen
out of popularity since. In fact, it has seen constant revivals throughout its history, with
many important Gothic works written in the 19th century, such as Mary Shelleys
Frankenstein (1818), Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), and Bram Stokers Dracula (1897).
Several momentous changes were occurring in scientific and religious thought in the era which
were reflected in Gothic literature of 19th century Britain and America.

Considering religion first, the rise of modernity had already been witnessing a weakening in
faith since the early Victorian period. The institution of the church no longer held the primacy
it did up to the 18th century. We see this anxiety about loss of faith reflected in the works of
late 19th and early 20th century writers working outside the Gothic tradition as well, such as
Matthew Arnold and T. S. Eliot. As the sea of...

href="https://epublications.marquette.edu/gothic_religion/">https://epublications.marquette.edu/gothic_religion/
href="https://www.usask.ca/english/frank/gothtrad.htm">https://www.usask.ca/english/frank/gothtrad.htm

What are the internal conflicts in Lady Macbeth and Macduff?

's conflicts are primarily external.  He leaves his family and goes to
England in hopes of convincingto return to Scotland and take back the Scottish throne by force.
Clearly Macduff's conflict is with .  Macduff viewsas the enemy who is destroying his country.
 He describes the damage Macbeth has done to Scotland:

Each new
morn

New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows

Strike heaven on the face . . .

Later, Macduff learns that his wife, children
and servants have all been killed by Macbeth.  Again, his conflict is external.  Macbeth vows to
fight Macbeth "front to front." Since Macduff has no soliloquies, it is difficult to
determine whether or not he has internal conflicts.  However, it might be assumed that he may
have struggled with leaving the family he clearly loves and going to Scotland.  In other words,
when he had to choose between his country and his family, he chose his country.  When he finds
out that his family is dead, he blames himself:

Sinful Macduff,

They were all struck for thee! Naught that I am.

Not for heir own
demerits but for mine

Fell slaughter on their souls.

Macduff feels responsible for their deaths, and struggles in this scene between his
guilt over leaving them, his extreme grief, and his need to revenge.  In fact, his emotions
quite overcome him as he tells Malcolm that before he can act, he must grieve:

I must also feel it as a man.

In this powerful scene, Shakespeare
realistically portrays a strong, good man made weak with grief and despair.  But this grief is
soon converted to action as he converts his grief to anger, and the conflict becomes external
once again.

What does Calvin look like?

The novel
describes Calvin, who will become close to the Murry family, as tall and skinny, with bony
wrists. He has recently had a growth spurt, as his pants are three inches too short and his
wrists stick out from his sweater. He...

Please explain the theme, message, and literary devices in the poem "White Comedy" by Benjamin Zephaniah.

The theme
or message of this poem is to show, humorously, the many ways the word black has been attached
to other words to create negative connotations. Zephaniah's poem highlights these negative
connotations by changing common words or phrases that use the word black to use the word white
instead: such as white-mailed instead of black-mailed. The poem shows that the language we use
matters and that there are many negative meanings attached to the word black, so that this is no
longer a neutral term.

A main literary device Zephaniah uses, which springs
naturally from his subject, is . Imagery is description using any
of the five sense of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. Leaning heavily into visual imagery,
the poem's speaker nudges us to imagine normally black objects and concepts as white: what
mental picture does being "whitelisted" rather than blacklisted, for example, conjure?
Is it purer, more positive? Conversely, what kind of image is conveyed when we picture
the...

Why does Bernard ask what happened after the game at Ebbet's Field in Death of a Salesman?

Act II
of  is quite revealing in many ways. The setting is the reception room in
Charley's office, where his son, Bernard, is sitting, whistling to himself, as he waits for his
dad whom he has come to visit. 

Meanwhile, Willy is having a major flashback
in the elevator going back to the day of Biff's huge high school game at Ebbet's Field. This
game is the turning point in Biff's and Willy's lives: the moment where Biff could have made it
big in life. According to Willy, this was certainly going to happen. However, here he is, almost
twenty years later, going to Charley's office to borrow money. During this particular flashback,
a much younger Charley downplays Wlly's extreme excitement about the game. This is why, as Willy
comes out of the elevator, Willy is actively re-living his argument with Charley that night.
Could it be that Willy's inner-embarrassment is flaring up when he realizes where he stands in
life at 63 years old?

To rub salt on the wound, Charley's...

What are two outcomes of the construction of the Berlin wall?

Once
the Berlin Wall was built, some Germans were isolated from their families, friends, and jobs on
the other side of the wall.  The Soviets built the Berlin Wall around West Berlin in order to
keep citizens of Soviet East Berlin (and East Germany in general) trapped in the Soviet Union
and kept out of free West Berlin.  Some families were separated until the Berlin Wall fell in
1989.

Another outcome was the polarization of capitalism and communism during
the Cold War.  The US and USSR already did not trust each other, and building the wall around
West Berlin solidified this.  It also made communism seem weak - in order to contain its
citizens, a wall needed to be built.  It strengthened the power of capitalism and western
democracy and made communism seem weaker.

Why does Holden say that he misses people at the end?

At the end
of the story,has undergone psychoanalysis.  He tells us in Chapter 26, that his:

"Psychoanalyst guy they have here, keeps asking me if
I'm going to apply myself when I go back to school next September."
(Salinger)

Holden's admission of missing people is a sign
that he is getting better.  He has been in a mental institution and now, he is anticipating the
future, the next school he will attend, how he will do once he gets
there.

And, now that he has undergone treatment for his depression and can
reflect with accuracy on his experience at Pencey Prep, he realizes that he actually liked
Stradlater and Ackley.  

How does the talk of the "beasties" affect the boys in Lord of the Flies?

In
chapter 2,holds an assembly and explains to the boys that they are on an uninhabited island.
Ralph proceeds to establish a rule regarding the conch and expresses optimism by telling the
group that they will have a great time on the island like in the adventure books.

Aftermentions that there are pigs and food throughout the island, the littlun with the
mulberry-colored birthmark timidly attempts to address the group. The littlun with the
mulberry-colored birthmark touches the conch and tellsto ask Ralph what he is going to do about
the "snake-thing." The littlun then refers to the enigmatic creature as a
"beastie," and the group of boys begin to feel restless and nervous.

Ralph attempts to dismiss the littlun's worries as simply nightmares and reasons that
there are no massive beasts roaming the island. However, a graveencompasses the group, and the
feeling of fear is prevalent. Jack then grabs the conch and supports Ralph's statements
regarding the existence of a beast.

As the story progresses, the idea of a
beastie remains in the back of ' minds, and each boy feels vulnerable at night. The littluns
continue to complain about the beast and cry in the shelters when the sun goes down. Eventually,
a dead paratrooper falls from the sky and lands on the top of the mountain. The boys end up
mistaking the dead paratrooper for the beast, and chaos ensues as the boys completely descend
into savagery.

In The Stranger, what attitude does Meursault realize the people at the trial have toward him?

Just like
Maman's funeral, the day of the shooting at the beach, and the magistrate and chaplain's
questioning of him, Meursault focuses on how others determine and judge him silently.  He
realizes the trial process is absurd.  During the reading of the
verdict, the members of the court (the judges, jurors, court reporter, lawyers, and witness) all
avert their eyes toward Meursault:

It seemed to me then
that I could interpret the look on the faces of those present; it was one of almost
respectful sympathy. The policemen, too, handled me very gently.
The lawyer placed his hand on my wrist. I had stopped thinking altogether. I heard the Judges
voice asking if I had anything more to say. After thinking for a moment, I answered,
No.

Whereas Meursault had been previously judged by
unofficial juries earlier in the novel (the old people during the vigil), who would
not...

The final scene depicts Laura as "she blows the candle out." What does this act represent and what message is it sending?

In the final
scene of "", Tom'ssyncronizes directorily with Laura blowing out the candles of the
candelabra.  It was the candelabra that Amanda had given Jim (the gentleman caller) to take and
go talk to Laura who felt sick and left the room when she discovered that the gentleman caller
was the boy she had a crush on in high school.

Tom leaves the house forever
after he is berated by Amanda for bringing home a gentleman caller for Laura who (unbeknownst to
Tom) was already engaged.  Tom leaves St. Louis and "descended the steps of this fire
escape for the last time and followed from then on, in my father's footsteps, attempting to find
in motion what was lost in space. . .Perhaps it was a familiar bit of music.  Perhaps it was
only a piece of transparent glass. . .  (referring to Laura's glass menagerie). Perhaps I am
walking along a street at night, in some strange city, before I have found companions.  I pass
the lighted window of a shop where perfume is sold.  The window is filled with pieces of colored
glass, tiny transparnet bottles in delicate colors, like bits of a shattered rainbow. Then all
at once my sister touches my shoulder.  I turn around and look into her eyes.  Oh, Laura, Laura,
I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be!  I reach for a
cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the
nearest stranger--anything that can blow your candles out!  (The following passage synchronizes
with Laura blowing out the candles) . . . For nowadays the world is lit by lightning!  Blow out
your candles, Laura---and so goodbye. . . "  (She blows the candles out.) 

Tom is troubled by how he deserted Laura.  He tried to help her and his mother, but he
could not live with them any longer--the guilt is overwhelming and he finds no peace.  He wants
the interminable reminder of what he has done to end. . .  and thus asks Laura to forgive him
and to forget about him.  This is the symbolism in the passage of asking her to blow out the
candles.  Laura and Amanda are destined to continue living their lives with little income and no
husband to take care of Laura.  Tom is asking her forgiveness and she grants his request by
blowing out the candles.

Note:  In real life, ' sister's bedroom was next to
an alley where she could hear cats fighting and screaming at night as she went to sleep.  So
Tennessee painted her room white and brought home little pieces of colored glass for her to
collect in order to brighten her room as well as her spirits.

What are the conflicts in Oedipus the King?

The
overarching conflict of the play is, as others have already mentioned, that betweenand himself.
But in the course of this conflict playing out, a number of other important conflicts are
generated as a result. Oedipus's overriding desire to find Laius' murderer (himself) leads him
into direct conflict with the blind seer-prophet .

At first, Tiresias is
reluctant to reveal the identity of Laius's killernot surprisingly, when you consider that he's
actually standing right in front of him. Tiresias's reluctance to divulge this crucial
information leads Oedipus to accuse him of...

Who is Madanika in "The Little Clay Cart"?

Madanika is
listed in the cast as maid to the courtesan Vasantasena. She first appears in act 2 "The
Shampooer Who Gambled," where she enters the scene with the "love-lorn
Vasantasena" and they talk about Vasantasena's love for the merchant Charudatta. Madanika
tells Vasantasena that, if she loves him, she must go to him at once.

Madanika remains with her mistress until Sarvilaka breaks into Charudattas home and
steals what happen to be Vasantasena's jewels and then tries to use them to buy Madanika's hand
in marriage.

Sarvilaka's proposal is detailed in the fourth act, which is
called "Madanika and Sarvilaka." At first, Madanika is horrified that her sinless
Sarvilaka has felt it necessary to commit a crime to win her hand. She tells him that
Vasantasena would set her free anyway. She calms down when she realizes they are the same jewels
that Vasantasena entrusted Charudatta to look after for her and therefore he could be seen as
just taking them back to their rightful owner. Vasantasena, who has been listening in all this
time, agrees with Madanika and permits Sarvilaka to marry her.

The last time
we see Madanika is when she gets on a cart with her future husband in the same act, and they
drive away. They are just about to disappear around the corner when Sarvilaka hears that his
friend Aryaka has been imprisoned by King Palaka.

Why are boundaries or borders good for nations?

A border or
boundary also has important implications on the people living inside it. For example, once a
border has been established and a nation is born, those inhabitants develop their own identity.
This is what we call "national identity," and national identity is an important factor
in creating social cohesion and a sense of belonging. By binding together the individual members
of a nation, that nation is more likely to enjoy peace and harmony.

Similarly, once a border is established and a nation is born, the government of that
nation becomes responsible for the people who live there. This not only includes protection from
physical harm, like an invasion, but also protection of their economic and social well-being,
like housing and employment. Therefore, having a border gives people basic rights and
protections, which is crucial for internal peace and prosperity.

What are five literary devices used in chapter 1 of The Catcher in the Rye?

s
numerous literary devices in lend an entertaining and realistic air to s
story of his breakdown.bombards the reader with various literary techniques as we are introduced
to Holdens personality and situation.

One literary technique is , which
Salinger uses a lot, since Holden compares people and situations quite a bit. For example,
Holden compares a fellow student to a toliet seat, saying,

That guy Morrow was about as sensitive as a goddamn toliet seat.

Salinger uses a simile (using the
words like or as to make a comparison between two unlike things) here. There is also a bit
of (using words to express something that is the opposite of their
literal meaning) here, since toliet seats are not sensitive. Holden compares Morrow to the
toliet seat to emphasize that he is not truly sensitive.

What kinds of irony can be found in "Lamb to the Slaughter"?

can
be:

• Situational: actions result in a different outcome than
  expected
• Verbal: sarcasm; when words mean the opposite of what they
  originally intend to mean
• Dramatic: actions and events understood by the
  audience, but not the characters

All three examples of irony are
evident in "."

The verbal irony is
found in the title of the story. The phrase "Lamb to the Slaughter" suggests an
innocent creature about to undergo torture and death. Mary Maloney could represent such a
creature, and she would have met a similar fate if she had been found guilty of killing her
husband.

More verbal and situational irony is
represented in the murder weapon and what happens to it, unbeknownst to the people investigating
the scene of the crime.

The murder weapon is a frozen leg of lamb. Mary hits
her husband with it after mentally "snapping" when he announces to her that he will
leave her. The hit kills him instantly. Shortly after, Mary comes up with a way to dispose of
the murder weapon: she cooks it. What's more, she feeds it to the policemen who come to
investigate the scene.

As the audience, we know what is going on.The
characters do not. That would be the dramatic irony. We realize
that they are eating the very thing they need to find in order to apprehend the person guilty of
killing their fellow policeman, Patrick Maloney. They even comment that the murder weapon could
be right "under their noses," which it is.  

Meanwhile, in the
other room, Mary Maloney giggles at the situational irony of it
all. The lamb, after all, saved her from the slaughter of what could have been a death sentence,
or life in jail as a pregnant woman.

 

Who is the famous leader who was killed less than a month before the Wounded Knee tragedy?

In the years
before the Wounded Knee Massacre, a Native American prophet named
Wovoka had a vision that the Christian Messiah, Jesus Christ had come back as a Native American.
He proclaimed that the Messiah would make the white man disappear and the buffalo would return
along with other animals that had become scarce at the time. They developed the
"Ghost Dance" religion in response to...

href="http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/gdmessg.htm">http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/...

Linda Loman plays a key role in Willy's life, yet she is seen as a minor character in the play. Describe Linda's personal traits and her actions. In...

In a
story not lacking in complex and poignant characterizations, Linda Loman stands out for her
quietly determined if fatally flawed efforts at holding her family together despite the
emotional wounds she has suffered as Willy's wife.  Forever trying to be the voice of reason,
she is continually rebuffed by Willy's rejections of her comments.  

Yet,
her, and Willy's, downfall is her refusal or inability to confront Willy in his delusions and to
stand up to his bullying behavior, especially Willy's constant expression of disappointment in
his oldest son, Biff.  Early in the first act, anticipating the final scene, there is this
exchange between Willy and Linda:

Willy: Work a lifetime
to pay off a house. You finally own it, and there's nobody to live in it.

Linda: Well, dear, life is a casting off.  It's always that way.

Willy: No, no, some people -- some people accomplish something  Did Biff say anything
after I went this morning?

Linda: You shouldn't have criticized him,
Willy,...

"""I have measured out my life with coffee spoons." What is the author saying about the way that Prufrock has lived and is living his life?""

ariel-mcgavock dir="ltr">This statement evokes careful precision: Prufrock rations his life in
slight doses, not allowing himself joy or excesses. It speaks to monotonous repetition,
particularly in the context of the preceding lines:

dir="ltr">For I have known them all already, known

dir="ltr">         them all:

Have known the
evenings, mornings, afternoons

dir="ltr">Prufrock speaks both of constantshis life is allotted by coffee spoonsand
of uncertainties: the decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse. One comes to
understand that, for Prufrock, uncertainty is itself a constant.

dir="ltr">There is an element of forethought, as well: "I have measured out my
life" is ambiguous time-wise. Prufrock might be saying that he has already measured out his
life in the past, but also that he has allotted even the future portions of his lifein other
words, that he does not intend to change his habits.

dir="ltr">Furthermore, coffee spoons symbolize the social rituals that Prufrock so
dislikes: the taking of a toast and tea that obstructs any real conversation. Topics are
bite-size and confined to suitable topics, not of the sort that Prufrock would prefer. He is a
man who wanders narrow streets at dusk and sees a reflection of himself in the lonely men in
shirt-sleeves who smoke pipes and lean out of windowsPrufrock must tire of the restraint, yet he
too restricts himself.

]]>

In "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," what is the only thing that keeps God's arrow from "being made drunk" with humans' blood?

The only thing
that keeps God's arrow from striking into the unfaithful and "being made drunk" with
their blood is "nothing but the pleasure of God."

Throughout the
fire and brimstone sermon of the Reverendthe trope of "the hand of God" is used
throughout Edwards's oration. The "pleasure of God" is a variation of this trope,
expressing even more that it is but a whim of God that he holds onto sinners and that there is
even more of a chance that the sinner might plunge into the fires of hell.

At
the point in his sermon when Reverend Edwards mentions the arrow of God, he cautions "all
that were never born again" and made into new Christians that they are now in the hands of
a righteous and angry Maker. No matter how justified they feel in their ways, no matter that
they keep up a form of religion in their homes or feel unconvinced of his words, those in his
congregation who are not saved will be found abominable in God's eyes and, therefore, be cast
into the fires of hell.

In The Phantom Tollboth, why does Faintly Macabre only have punctuation marks left to eat?

Faintly
Macabreor Aunt Faintly, as she encourages Milo to call herhas been cast into a dungeon. This is
her punishment for causing an almighty collapse in the Word Market. In her official position as
Official Which, Faintly tried very hardtoo hard, as it turned outto make sure that people used
the correct word for the correct situation. Over time, however, she encouraged the use of fewer
and fewer words until, eventually, everyone stopped talking. When her great-nephew the king
found out about this, he was furious, and so confined her to a dungeon.

In
Dictionopolis, in the world outside the dungeon walls, people have now gone to the other extreme
of using too many words. Faintly Macabre, however, is not allowed to have any words, given the
absolute mayhem she caused when she was the Official Which. All she has left is a box of
sugar-coated punctuation marks.

Why is Dimmesdale such a sympathetic person in The Scarlet Letter?

According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary,
"sympathetic" means

feeling or showing concern
about someone who is in a bad situation : having or showing feelings of sympathy.

If that is the case,does not seem to be at all sympathetic in 's
. In fact, he seems to be just the opposite: unsympathetic.

The first time we meet Dimmesdale is at 's public punishment on the scaffold. This most
pious minister is standing above her, looking down on her along with the rather haughty Reverend
. It is true that Dimmesdale does not condemn Hester the way Wilson does in his sermon against
adultery; however, he obviously does not do the one thing he could do to
show sympathy for Hester. He does not reveal that he is the father of her child and her fellow
adulterer. Instead he allows her to suffer her shame alone. That is not a sympathetic
act.

Later in the novel, both on the scaffold and in the forest,senses the
connection between...

href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sympathetic">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sympathetic

How does Steinbeck create and sustain suspense while the men are waiting for the dog to be shot?

Steinbeck creates and sustains suspense inwhen Carlson takes Candy's ancient dog
outside to put it out of its misery. After Slim gives Carlson the okay to shoot Candy's dog,
Candy reluctantly acquiesces, and Carlson grabs his Luger as he walks the old dog out of the
bunkhouse. When Carlson leaves the bunkhouse, theinside becomes intense as the men anticipate
the sound of Carlson's gun. Everybody is on edge, while Candy proceeds to stare at the ceiling
in his bunk without saying a word. Candy's silence and tranquil demeanor contribute to the
solemn atmosphere of the bunkhouse.

Both Slim andattempt to change the
subject to lighten the mood but are unable to do so. Steinbeck builds suspense by illustrating
the pervasive, oppressive silence that fills the room and continually refers to Candy's solemn
demeanor. Steinbeck writes,

The silence fell on the room
again. It came out of the night and invaded the room.

In
the midst of the oppressive silence, each man's...

A car is traveling at 44 mph. How long will it take to travel 99 miles?

Given the car's
speed (s)= 44 mph

We need to determine the time ( t) that takes the car to
travel 99 miles.

We are given the speed ( s) and the distance ( d). Then, we
can use the distance formula to calculate the time required.

We know
that:

Speed ( mph)= distance ( mile) / time ( hour)

We
will cross multiply:

==> speed * time = distance

Now we
will divide by speed.

==> time = distance/ speed.

Now
we will substitute with given values.

==> time = 99 / 44= 9/4 (
hour)

==> t= 2.25 ( hour) = 2: 15

Then,
the time required for the car to travel 99 miles at 44 mph speed is 2 hours and 15
minutes.

 

Orwell did not name the chapters in 1984. What are potential names for the chapters?

Chapter one
could be called "Taking the Leap," because in it, by writing in a journal,jumps into a
life of transgression that will only end with his arrest and torture.

Chapter
two could be titled "It's Getting Better All the Time." This would be an ironic
comment on the grim world Winston occupies, which we see in a more expanded form in this chapter
through the Parsons as well as through the news of the army's slaughter of the enemy. Of course,
the entire chapter shows that the better world the Party is promising is a lie. The title would,
less ironically, refer as well to Winston's increased desire at the end of the chapter, now that
he is coming alive through journaling, to hold on to hope and life as long as he can despite
having headed down a dangerous and subversive path.

Chapter three might be
called "Golden Slumbers, Dark Awakening" because it opens with Winston's dreams, one
of his mother and one of the dark-haired girl in the Golden Country. It then morphs into the
dark...

solve the system: x - 3y = 5 2x + y = 4

x - 3y = 5
........(1)

2x + y = 4 ........(2)

using the eliminattion
methos, multiply (2) by 3 and add to (1):

==> 7x = 17

==> x = 17/7

Now to calculate y,
substiute in (2):

==> y= 4 - 2x

          = 4-
2(17/7)

           = (28 - 34)/7 = -6/7

==> y= -6/7

21) list each of the following locations as at sea level above sea level or below sea level Death valley, Denver, Madison, Mt. Everest, Mt. McKinley,...

To determine
whether a location is above or below sea level, we first need to determine the altitude for that
location.   We can use an atlas to determine the altitude of each location.  The altitudes of
each city are listed below

• Death Valley:   -282 feet (below sea
  level)
• Denver, CO:     5280 feet (the mile high city, above sea
  level)
• Madison, WI:    863 feet (above sea level)
• Mt.
  Everest:     29,000 feet (above sea level)
• Mt. McKinley:    20,320 feet
  (above sea level)
• New York City:  33 feet (barely above sea level; some
  areas of New York are at sea level)
• Salt Lake City, UT:   4226 feet (above
  sea level)

 See the link below for a listing of cities and their
elevations.

How do Dana's personality traits, in the two different time periods, influence her behavior as she travels back and forth in Kindred?

ladyvols1

"I was probably less prepared for the reality [of violence] than the child crying
not far from me."

Dana is a progressive and liberal
thinking woman.  In the novel , bywe are introduced to the characters as
they are moving into a new home.  We have a White man and an African-American woman. They have
gone against the wishes of both of their families and their culture to marry.  This makes Danna
an unlikely person to survive very long in the South of the 1800's.  Dana is in danger every
time she travels back to Rufus.  She must constantly be aware of how she speaks and looks at the
white people she comes into contact with. 

When she returns to her time
period, sore and beaten, she is angry.  The only way Dana is returned to her time is if her life
is in danger.  The only time she is transported to the plantation is when Rufus is in danger. 
Going back and forth really teaches her a great deal about her self and Kevin.  She learns that
she can take more suffering and pain than she ever felt possible, but she remains angry and
guarded long after she returns.  It affects her relationship with her family and her
husband.

"The drive for survival is very strong, and
for slaves this means making many painful choices. "Mama said she'd rather be dead than be
a slave," Alice recalls, but Dana disagrees: "Better to stay alive.€¦ At least while
there's a chance to get free." Because she thinks she will have a better chance of survival
if she befriends the Weylins, she accepts the role of slave during her stay on the
plantation.

Explain the social and historical context of chapter 2 in Things Fall Apart.

Inof
, the reader is introduced to , a young boy who is to be sacrificed as a
blood debt to the Umuofia. The chapter sets up the conflict that a young woman from the Umuofia
has been murdered in Mbaino, a neighboring tribe. The Umuofia take the murder personally, and
all the men from the tribe come out to hear about the murder and discuss their options. The
decision is finally made that they will provide the Mbaino with a choice:

An ultimatum was immediately dispatched to Mbaino asking them to
choose between war on the one hand, and on the other the offer of a young man and a virgin as
compensation. (chapter 2)

Socially, this ultimatum offers
insight into how the tribes in Nigeria kept peace in the pre-colonial era. A blood debt was
considered something owed to the entire village. The woman who was murdered, Ezeugo, was the
wife of Ogbuefi Udo, but her murder was seen as an offense toward the whole village and
something they would avenge collectively. The choice they give to the other tribe is an offer to
avoid war.

This interaction shows the complex nature of social relations
among tribes in pre-colonial Nigeria. Rather than going to war, which would be costly to both
tribes, there is a chance for debt to be repaid. Each tribe was considered independent. In any
other system, the likely response to murder might be war or revenge; the blood debt system
avoids those outcomes.

Historically, these chapters demonstrate the
complexity of the Nigerian tribal system before colonization. Colonization depends on the idea
that the colonizers are bringing civilization to the colonized, but this chapter shows that
there was already a sophisticated civilization in place before the British arrived. This chapter
is an integral part of explaining why the system of colonization was unjust, which adds to theof
s life.

The United States should play a more active role in international environmental efforts. The United States should play a more active role in...

As one of the largest
industrialized nations, the United States does have a responsibility to the
environment.Unfortunately, we don't usually place a priority on environmental issues if they
oppose business interests.We refuse to sign international treaties that pledge environmental
responsibility, for example.The Kyoto Treaty comes to mind.We have not developed alternatives to
fossil fuels, even though we supposedly have the most innovative and advanced minds in the
world.]]>

How are Thaddeus Sholto and his home described? What is the purpose or possible effect of this description?

Just for
the sake of clarity this question refers to the Sherlock Holmes story The Sign of
Four by Arthur Conan Doyle.

Thaddeus Sholto is presented as a
strange little man, ingratiating and formally polite, but almost too polite, indicating perhaps
that he's putting on some kind of an act. It's noticeable that there's something particularly
weird about his facial features. They seem to be in a state of perpetual movement, constantly
jerking this way and that between scowls and smiles. Nature has played an additional cruel trick
on Sholto by giving him a pendulous lip beneath which protrudes a set of irregular, yellow
teeth. For good measure, Sholto is bald, despite his being only thirty years old.

As for Sholto's apartment it sticks out like a sore thumb in the rickety old house it
occupies. Though somewhat poky, Sholto's place is crammed from floor to ceiling with expensive
antiques, furnishings, and draperies. It's notable too that there's an air of Eastern luxury
about the place, with its two great tiger-skins and the large hookah, or water-pipe, that stands
on a mat in the corner.

The description of Sholto is perhaps designed to
throw us off the scent, as it were; to make the reader think that perhaps he's the one
responsible for the crime. The fact that he's able to fit out his small apartment with such
luxurious items only adds to our suspicions. Although Sholto turns out to be completely innocent
of any crimes, he's briefly placed under arrest by Athelney Jones.

href="">

Explain how the media might influence what people think about religion.

mindcandy

Hello,

Some thoughts:

One way the media may
influence the way people think of religion is not only in the actual media commentary about
religion, but in the manner the media (television, radio, physical/online print resources)
presents a 'religious' point of view. The media (intentionally or not) may overgeneralize and
exaggerate religious viewpoints, simply as a function of the debate-style format of most news
stories.

News stories very often are designed in a point/counterpoint
set-up, where two 'sides' of an issue are discussed and/or debated. An easy formula for a brief
television news segment, for instance, would be to have two guests commenting on something
newsworthy, from a neighborhood event to a Supreme Court ruling. The anchor then serves as a
moderator/facilitator for the two guests. The invited guests are seen as representing a certain
group's official/general point of view. One obvious problem with one guest representing the
'religious' point of view is that there are...

In 1984, Winston says that he understands the how but not the why behind the Party. What is the why portion, and what page can I find it on?

The Party
uses its power to keep most people miserable and enforce the acceptance of lies. It keeps the
economy in a constant state of war. It keeps its Outer Party members under constant
surveillance. People have very few material goods, and what food they eat is of poor
quality.

knows the Party lies ceaselessly. He believes too that it could
make life better for people. The answer to why it doesn't lies, in my edition, on page 336.
Since pagination varies between editions, it might help to know that the answer lies on chapter
three of part three. Here, , who is torturing Winston in the Ministry of Love, explains the
"why" of Party policy to his victim. He says the Party, if it stopped the pointless
wars, could make life economically better for people. It could stop spying on people, and it
could stop altering the truth. However, it deliberately does not do these things because
power is its reason for being. O'Brien says:

"How does one man assert his power over another,...

Discuss the education of Dee in 'Everyday Use'.

Dee, we
are told, completed her high-school education away from home. We don't know what further
education she may have had, but she has become filled with notions about political and social
advancement to the extent of changing her identity.

However, despite her
education Dee does not seem to have gained much in wisdom and understanding. Although she makes
such a big deal of her heritage, she does so only in order to show off; and we are invited to
laugh at her pretensions. She does not appreciate the true value of her heritage which continues
in living form with her mother and sister. She acts as if the old ways, old traditions, are
dead, to be preserved merely as relics.

Dee is too keen to thrust her ideas
upon her mother and sister, lecturing them about their oppressed lives:

You ought to make something of yourself too, Maggie. It's really a
new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it.

Dee, then, urges Maggie to change her life as she, Dee, has done;
but she doesn't stop to consider her sister's and mother's views. She feels herself to be a
progressive and liberated young lady, but the story makes clear that she is deficient in real
understanding. 

 

What did the alchemist mean when he said, in Coelho's The Alchemist, "because that's what makes a heart suffer the most and hearts don't like to...

In 's
, the alchemist speaks about what makes the heart suffer and that hearts
don't like to suffer.

"We never stop speaking out but
we begin to hope that our words won't be heard: we don't want people to suffer because they
don't follow their hearts."

"Why don't people's hearts tell them to
continue to follow their dreams?" the boy asked the alchemist.

"Because that's what makes a heart suffer most and hearts don't like to
suffer."

I believe that this exchange basically
speaks to the suffering one must go through by following a dream of the heart. Because of the
pain that may come from following a dream, the heart begins to speak more quietly hoping that it
will be ignored. In this way, there will be no suffering. We can assume that the alchemist is
saying that there is pain to be expected in trying to reach one's dreams.

This is certainly the case of Santiago. In his pursuit of his Personal Legend, he is
robbed and experiences great self-doubt. It is so bad that at one point he is ready to return to
his homeland and spend the rest of his life as a shepherd, never fulfilling his dream to see the
Pyramids.

There was a moment of silence so profound that
it seemed the city was asleep. No sound from the bazaars, no arguments among the merchants, no
men climbing to the towers to chant. No hope, no adventure, no old kings or Personal Legends, no
treasure, and no Pyramids. It was as if the world had fallen silent because the boy's soul had.
He sat there, staring blankly through the door of the cafe, wishing that he had died, and that
everything would end forever at that moment.

Clearly, the
wish of Santiago's heart has brought him to a place of great pain. However, as the book
continues, we find that he overcomes his disappointment and heartache to ultimately reach his
Personal Legend.

According to the following passage from "Rappaccini's Daughter," how can Rappaccinis love for his daughter as a father be explained?...

Rappacini's
name is connotative of the adjective rapacious which means excessively
grasping or greedy. Using his daughter, who looks "redundant with life, health, and
energy" Rappacini, a ruthless scientist, has given her superhuman powers as she has grown
up surrounded by bizarre flowers of both poisonous and exotic qualities from which she draws
unnatural powers such as immunity from the deadly effects of these plants.

In
essence, Rappacini's daughter has become a part of her father's garden herself. For, she has
developed a sisterly relationship with one particular plant that bears a "profusion of
purple blossoms" that possess the luster of precious gems. Beatrice embraces this plant
that her father is cautious around, never touching it.

"Yes, my sister, my splendor, it shall be Beatrices's task to nurse and to serve
thee; and thou shalt reward her with thy kisses and perfumed breath, which to her is as the
breath of life."

But, when Giovanni, who is smitten
with her, enters the garden, she must deny him the promise of one of the "gems" from
the exotic purple plant, warning him that to touch the plant if fatal. Thus, because it does not
harm her, Beatrice has become an anomaly and a victim of her father's insane zeal for science.
For, because of her unnatural powers, she is alienated from the rest of the world.

However, because Giovanni has breathed her poisonous breath so much, he now can be with
her without harm. Unfortunately, he is not aware of this; instead, he convinces Beatrice that
she can take a potion that Professor Baglioni has given him and she will no longer be poisonous.
He tells her, "Shall we not quaff it together, and thus be purified from
evil?"

When Rapaccini spots his daughter in the garden with Giovanni, he
comes forward to tell her that he has devised a method for her to be with Giovanni. But, as he
spreads his hands over the two of them, Giovanni trembles and Beatrice shudders; for, they are
the hands that have "thrown poison into the stream of their lives."  Beatrice feebly
asks her father why he has inflicted a miserable doom upon her. 

At this
point, in the passage cited above, Rapaccini, asks her why she claims to be miserable. Why is it
misery to have the powers he has endowed her with, he asks. He cannot understand why Beatrice
would rather be a weak woman like all others when she can be so puissant that she can strike
down any enemy. He has made her invulnerable in order to preserve her life, he tells his
daughter.

But, Beatrice asks him, Oh, was there not, from the first, more
poison in thy nature than in mine? because he has selfishly kept her for himself. She has not
been able to love a man without harming him. Truly, Rappacini's love has been selfish as he has
kept Beatrice for his own in his deadly perfection of her; he has valued his scientific powers
over consideration for Beatrice's feelings and her need to be like others.

What is the foreshadowing in "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty?

There is quite a bit
ofin the story, "" by Welty. Phoenix Jackson, an old woman, struggles to reach town.
Along the way her struggle is foreshadowed by many obstacles. One of the first is the wild hogs.
This foreshadowing is followed by the thorns: "I in the thorny bush . . . " (paragraph
8). Phoenix has to cross on a log then crawl under a barbed wire fence. If that is not enough,
she walks into a field of dead corn that she calls a maze. The reader learns that these images
foreshadow the difficulty she has in reaching the town to get her grandson's medicine.

Why the above foreshadowing? It serves to highlight the strength and determination of
the old woman to take care of her grandson. Symbolically, these images can also serve to
represent the struggles of African Americans. However,...

In "The Scarlet Letter," what important question related to Hester's crime is still unanswered?

The most
important unanswered question in 's community is the identity of the baby's father. The
adulteress is known (and branded with the scarlet "A"), but who is the
adulterer?

However, while this may be the most obvious question that
remains,also poses others.  Hawthorne, for instance, opens up the whole nature of sin and
sinners--Hester may wear the letter that marks her as a criminal, but Hawthorne shows us that
the issue of sin is not so easily defined. Hester, despite her adultery, is ultimately a figure
to be admired. In this way, the meaning of the "A" is also unanswered, to some
extent.  Throughout the novel, Hawthorne repeatedly shows us the different meanings of Hester's
mark, many of which are positive.

Was Jane Austen for Victorian principles in the text of Emma?

To
answer this, it is necessary to clarify historical time
periods.lived the first part of her life (1775-1817)
during the reign of King George III, the King against whom the American colonies successfully
rebelled (American Revolution 1776). When King George succombed to mental disease, his son
George was made Prince Regent and assumed the throne in 1811. Jane Austen
wrote her novels in the 1790s, before the reign of the Prince
Regent began: Elinor and Marianne (1795; later to become
); First Impressions (1796-97; later to become
); (1798-99).

Austen's first novel
was published more than twelve years later as Sense and
Sensibility in 1811; the same year the Prince Regent, a patron of the arts, assumed
the throne. Pride and Prejudice was published a year later in 1812. Jane
Austen died five short years later in 1817.

Now we have it established that
Jane Austen lived and wrote during the reigns of King George III and the Prince
Regent, a period called the Regency that lasted
until 1830, thirteen years after her death. When Prince Regent George IV
died, his brother William IV ascended the throne and reigned until his death in 1837, twenty
years after Jane Austen's death. Princess Victoria was the eldest surviving
grandchild of King George III, so upon the death of William IV, Victoria ascended the throne as
Queen Victoria, again, twenty years after Austen's death. The period of
Queen Victoria's reign, 1837 until 1901, is called the Victorian
period and is the birthplace of "Victorian
principles." Jane Austen never lived to see the Victorian period nor to be
exposed to Victorian principles, so they are not considered in
.

One Victorian principle emphasized
imperialism, building an English empire upon which the "sun never set." Another
principle emphasized the advancement of science and technology, like the steam engine and the
first telegraph cable laid across the Atlantic Ocean in 1857. Another emphasized moral living
and lawful living, this to counteract the chaotic effects of so many villagers swarming to
London and other cities to earn their livings in the burgeoning Industrial Revolution. Another
principle emphasized modesty in action and dress, thus ladies gowns rose to the throat for all
social occasions except the most formal. During this period, ideas about women's legal rights
and suffrage grew, though Victoria did not support these ideas; she supported the idea of the
home angel which advocated women restricted to being the guiding force
behind family development and child rearing.

Austen shows in
Emma that she would have opposed some of these
much later values. For instance, she would have opposed the idea of the non-working,
non-producing woman since she found her own freedom in being a working woman writer. She would
have opposed the disempowerment of women since she shows the socio-cultural-economic power Emma
has to do good (or harm) to already disempowered impoverished gentlewomen who have no resources
to call upon to improve their lot. We can't know about empire or technology from
Emma though there are hints in and
.

"I would not quarrel with you
for any liberties of manner. Were she your equal in situationbut, Emma, consider how far this is
from being the case. She is poor; she has sunk from the comforts she was born to; and, if she
live to old age, must probably sink more." (Mr. Knightley on Miss Bates;Vol. III, Ch.
VII)

Lewis defined four virtues common to all people and reserved three as unique to the Christian: Faith, Hope, and Charity. How does Lewis define these...

In
Mere Christianity, Lewis says there are four cardinal virtuesthese are ideas
that have been identified and regarded by everyone regardless of religion or time. They are
common to all people, in all places, in all times. The three Christian virtues are Faith, Hope,
and Charity. These three theological virtues are not common to all people, places, or times
but instead are fairly particular to Christianity and Christian society.

Lewis says that

Charity means "Love, in the
Christian sense." But love, in the Christian sense, does not mean an emotion. It is a state
not of the feelings but of the will; that state of the will which we have naturally about
ourselves, and must learn to have about other people.

The charity that Lewis discusses is that same charity that is translated into love in most
modern versions of the Bible. It is not a feeling, but instead a choice that people make. The
choice is to put the needs of others above your own, to sacrifice and serve, to make
a...