What are the sociological reasons for racial discrimination in the United States?

Your question
asks about the sociological reasons for racial discrimination, which,
before answering, I want to expand upon by distinguishing them from the psychological
reasons for discrimination. While psychological reasons for
discrimination can be generalized and applied to understanding discrimination of all kinds and
against all racial groups, the sociological reasons for discrimination are
dependent on context and history, and differ for each racial group.

Psychological reasons for discrimination come from built-in human
biases. For example, humans tend to perceive people within their own racial (or other!) group
more favorably than those outside of their racial group,...

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