How did the Hindu religion emerge from changes in culture or society?

I would
suggest that one of the most significant elements regarding Hinduism's emergence came from its
integration with Western values.  Hinduism was indigenous to the Indian subcontinent.  It
remained fundamentally distinct from the "Big Three" of Western Religions.  While
Western religious experiences like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam emerged, Hinduism remained
in the Indian subcontinent.  As Western modes of reality entered into the Indian subcontinent,
Hinduism did not repel Western religious expressions.  One of the most distinctive aspects
within Hinduism's emergence was that it did not repel such change, but rather sought to
integrate these changes within its expression.

Upon the West's interaction
with Hinduism, significant change in culture and society was present. Western appropriation of
consciousness was fundamentally different than what Hinduism offered.  Western notions of
personalized expression in the form of affirming individualism, binary modes of understanding,
as well as distinct judgments related to salvation and condemnation became part of the Indian
subcontinent with the expansion of European colonization.  

These realities
posed significant changes to the culture and society within which Hinduism existed.  Yet,
Hinduism was seen as being able to integrate these changes in providing a view of the world.
 Thinkers like Swami Vivekananda were essential in suggesting that Hinduism embraced spiritual
tenets that underscored all religious experiences:

No
religion on earth preaches the dignity of humanity in such a lofty strain as Hinduism, and no
religion on earth treads upon the necks of the poor and the low in such a fashion as Hinduism.
The Lord has shown me that religion is not in fault, but it is the Pharisees and Sadducees in
Hinduism, hypocrites, who invent all sorts of engines of tyranny in the shape of doctrines of
P¢ram¢rthika and Vy¢vah¢rika.

Thinkers like Swami
Vivekananda argued that Hinduism was a religion that merged opposites together.  It provided a
universal oneness while enabling individuals the ability to choose, thereby appropriating
aspects of both Western and Eastern experiences:

The fault
with all religions like Christianity is that they have one set of rules for all. But Hindu
religion is suited to all grades of religious aspiration and progress. It contains all the
ideals in their perfect form. For example, the ideal of Shanta or blessedness is to be found in
Vasishtha; that of love in Krishna; that of duty in Rama and Sita; and that of intellect in
Shukadeva. Study the characters of these and of other ideal men. Adopt one which suits you
best. 

The changes in Indian society in which Western
notions of identity were becoming rapidly accepted were realities that Hinduism merely
appropriated into its own vision.  As a result, Hinduism was "bringing to the West
teachings which have become an important cultural force in western societies, and which in turn
have become an important cultural force in India, their place of origin." This helps to
explain how Hinduism emerged from changes in culture and society.  Its tolerance and willingness
to assert universality in the face of contingency helped Hinduism to emerge from changes in
culture and society.

href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism