The theme
of insanity is emphasized by elements defined by Gothic-era literature, particularly internal
darkness (depression, previously termed melancholia), hallucinations, and a supernatural .is
considered the apex of American Gothic literature, with ravens or black birds a common animal
motif associated with the genre. In the poem, an unnamed narrator gradually descends into
madness due to depression, loneliness, and isolation.
While alone in his
chamber on a dark night, the Raven flies into the room. Initially, the narrator asks the bird's
name jokingly, and the Raven responds to him repeatedly with "Nevermore." Even if a
raven actually has flown into his room through the open window, the fact that narrator sees it
talking is indicative of an auditory and visual hallucination. More disturbing still, the
narrator attempts to understand the Raven's words and takes everything it says
seriously.
The narrator then detects an aura or the presence of angels,
which, combined with the talking bird, solidifies the supernatural atmosphere.tells him that he
will not see his belovedin heaven and that it will remain forever in his chamber. The poem
concludes with the man's devastation over having been forever departed from Lenore, denied from
heaven, and permanently plagued by the bird's presence. It can be assumed then, that the man has
now descended into a permanent and irreversible insanity.
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