Tuesday 31 January 2017

Why does Charon dispute taking Dante on his boat?

In3, as
Dante and Virgil stand on the "melancholy shore" of the River Acheron, the last
barrier to their entrance into the underworld proper, Dante describes the approach of
Charon:

And here, advancing toward us, in a boat,/An aged
man--his hair was white with years--/was shouting: "Woe to you, corrupted souls! . . . .
And you approaching there, you living soul,/keep well away from these--they are the dead."
(3:82-90, Mandelbaum trans.)

Charon, the boatman,
sometimes depicted as a minor demon but more often just as a wild-looking old man, quickly
recognizes that among the dead waiting for transport to Hades is a living being, Dante.
 Charon's first reaction is to warn Dante that he is among the dead, who are drawn to the living
because they sense the spark of life around them and, as we see later in the poem, are actually
drawn to the warm blood of a living person (not like vampires but still to be
avoided).

Because Dante makes no move to step aside, Charon tells him
that

'Another way and other harbors--/not here--will bring
you passage to your shore:/a lighter craft will have to carry you.' (3:91-93, Mandelbaum
trans.)

Charon's reaction--believing that Dante is there
by mistake--is natural: not only is the Underworld reserved for the dead but there is also very
little precedent for a living being to journey to Hades and return to the upper world.  In
classical myth, we have only a few examples of the living making a journey to Hades and
returning--Aeneas in Virgil's Aeniad and Odysseus in
the Odyssey, for example.  Although Virgil belongs in this realm, Dante
does not.

After Virgil tells Charon that "our passage has been willed
above" (l. 95)--that is, by Beatrice as divine spokesperson--Charon returns to his main
task, which is to load the souls into his boat for their last passage, and he carries Virgil and
Dante to their unnatural visit to the Underworld.

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