Wednesday, 11 January 2017

In The Odyssey, what does Odysseus learn about his future from Teiresias in the Land of the Dead?

In Book 11 of
, The Kingdom of the Dead, Odysseus visits the underworld to consult with
the prophet Tiresias. Circe instructs him to visit Tiresias so he can find out about his future,
which will involve a difficult journey home. 

Tiresias tells Odysseus that
while he wants "a sweet smooth journey home" (Book 11, line 111, Fagels translation),
"a god will make it hard for you" (113). This god is Poseidon, who is angry because
Odysseus has blinded his son, the Cyclops. Tiresias tells Odysseus that his crew may still reach
home if he can "curb their wild desire and curb your own" (line 119). Tiresias says
it's critical for Odysseus's crew not to disturb the cattle of Helios, the sun god, for if they
do, they will be destroyed. Even if Odysseus survives, he will "come home late/and come a
broken man" (129-130). His men will be destroyed, and he will find a "a world of pain
at home," with men courting his wife and eating all his food (line 132). Odysseus will then
need to "pay them back in blood" (line 135). After he has sought revenge on the men
destroying his house, he will have to go to a place far from the sea to make a sacrifice to
Poseidon. Only then will he be able to enjoy a "gentle, painless death" (line 154) and
know that his land and people are in peace. 

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