The
Copernican Revolution occurred when scientific consensus converged around the idea that Earth
revolves around the sun and not the sun around the Earth. This was a surprisingly revolutionary
concept, as it contradicted not only the Bible but also the evidence of the senses. If you look
up at the sun in the sky, it certainly does seem, during the course of a day, to be circling
Earth.
One of the impacts of the Copernican Revolution was backlash. The
Catholic Church understood the challenge this theory posed to Biblical orthodoxy. For example,
it pulled Galileo, the superstar scientist of his time, in front of the Inquisition and forced
him to retract his statements that Earth revolved around the sun. This firm stand by religious
authorities led to polarization between religion and science. This could be read as the
beginning of the split between scientific and theological inquiry. Up until this time, natural
science was seen as one branch of theology: empirical science could help us...
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