What are the basic principles of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

The
Scientific Revolution began around the end of the Renaissance (17th century) and continued to
the late 18th century.(Age of Reason) is generally considered to have spanned the same time
frame with the convenient end date being 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution.

The Scientific Revolution/Enlightenment saw many advances in physics, astronomy,
biology, and chemistry. Although previous periods did contribute to the ken of science and
technology, this period was more productive and was inspired by dramatic shifts in world
views.

One shift was from geocentric to a heliocentric picture of the
universe (solar system) offered by Copernicus in 1543. This is often described as one of the
seminal moments in the nascent stages of the Scientific Revolution because it marked a shift
from religious explanation to scientific explanation. It was...