I will help
as I can; here are definitions of literary devices that should identify all of the quotes. With
those I'm not sure about, I've entered possibilities. Even when doing research, not all websites
agree...
: Those quotes that use
"like" to compare two dissimilar things are similes. (I think there are three of
these...but not Lewis.)
: Comparisons that are
made without using "like" or "as" are metaphors. Example: "You are the
sunshine of my life."
APOSTROPHE: Not to be
confused with the punctuation mark, apostrophe is the act of addressing some abstraction
or[person] that is not physically present
PERSONIFICATION: A trope in
which abstractions, animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are given human character, traits,
abilities, or reactions. Personification is particularly common in poetry, but it appears in
nearly all types of artful writing.
Repetition-
The return of a word, phrase, stanza form, or effect in any form of literature. Repetition is an
effective literary device that may bring comfort, suggest order, or add special meaning to a
piece of literature
METONYMY: Using a vaguely
suggestive, physical object to embody a more general idea. The term
metonym also applies to the object itself used
to suggest that more general idea. Some examples of metonymy are using the metonym
crown in reference to royalty or the entire royal family, or stating
"the pen is mightier than the sword" to
suggest that the power of education and writing is more potent for changing the world than
military force.
Here's one I can't be sure of because of how it has been
identified on two different sites: The quote about the guillotine is
either...
MEIOSIS: , the
opposite of exaggeration: "I was somewhat worried when the psychopath ran toward me with a
chainsaw."
OR
(also
called ): Using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense on a deeper level. Common
paradoxes seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions, such as noting that
"without laws, we can have no freedom." Someone even mentioned oxymoron, but I can't
be sure.
"A little rule / a little
sway..." is a kind of verse: called either a rhyme or rhyming verse; it's a
poem.
Hope these definitions are a help.
Additional source:
http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/38-rhymes.htm