What is the relationship between the 14th Amendment and the Bill of Rights?

The Bill
of Rights amendments were originally added to the US Constitution to protect individual rights
against encroachment by the federal government. During the ratification debate, opponents of the
Constitution expressed concern that the proposed changes did not adequately protect the rights
and liberties of the individual. The Bill of Rights was designed to allay these fears and smooth
the subsequent ratification process by the states.

Right at the outset,
then, it was understood that the Bill of Rights applied to relations between American citizens
and the federal government as opposed to...