Baruch
Spinoza, also known as Benedictus de (E)Spinoza, was a Dutch philosopher, largely misunderstood
until after his death. His work would influence renowned philosophers and scientists, even
Albert Einstein. Spinoza's attempts to quantify thought and from it to deduce truths has been a
source of much debate and criticism as he explores God and Nature in an unconventional
manner.
The Jewish community wherein Spinoza grew up consisted mainly of
Jews whose ancestors had fled during the Portuguese Inquisition, converted to Christianity to
avoid persecution, and then converted back to Judaism. Spinoza's grandfather was one such person
and Spinoza's father converted back to Judaism. Spinoza's upbringing was considered fairly
typical, his father being a warden of the synagogue and Jewish school although he was exposed to
some less-than-traditional teachings. However, despite his great promise, he never completed any
advanced learning of the Torah and the...
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