Discuss the basic archaeological data used to divide Near Eastern antiquity into epochs such as Neolithic Period, Chalcolithic Period, Early Bronze...

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The Neolithic is characterized by a
wealth of specialized stone tools in the archaeological record. Stone technology originates with
the Paleolithic, and these tool-making techniques were gradually passed from population to
population until it was the general tool of choice. The Neolithic Revolution is heavily tied in
with the Agricultural Revolution, and many of the new types of stone tools we see appearing in
the record around 10,000 BCE are related to the practice of farming. Just as with the
development of stone tool technology, the transition to using more specialized stone tools was
not an instantaneous process, and it gradually moved from the Near East out into Europe and
Asia.

The Chalcolithic  is either considered to
be a very early portion of the Bronze Age, or falling between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The
date for the Chalcolithic is roughly from 5300-1700 BCE. This period is characterized by
copper-working and craft specialization. The production of metal, ceramic,...

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