What is a physical description of the farm that you imagine?

Well, I can't
really say what the farm looks like "as you imagine it."  It sounds like your teacher
wants to know what the farm looks like to you, and not to
me. Still, there are several things I can tell you about the story that will help you
to develop your own physical description of the place.  I am going to list them in no particular
order...just how I remember them.

1. There is a fence around at least
   part of the property...we know that because there is a gate at the entrance and because Molly is
   fed over a fence.  Being England, though, we can also assume that part of the farm is bordered
   by hedges acting as fences.
2. There is a large farm house.


3. Near the farm house is an open area with a flag-pole.
4. There is a
   barn where the animals are kept.
5. There is an out building where tools are
   stored.
6. From what I remember, there is a smoke house (I believe that is
   wheremakes his plans for the windmill.)
7. There is a hen-house.


8. There is an area near the barn that was supposed to be a "retirement
   pasture."
9. There is a hill where the windmill is built.


10. Near the hill, there is (what sounds like) a small rock quarry.  This is on a ledge,
    because large rocks are thrown over to be broken into small rocks.
11. There
    are large fields that are farmed for various crops.
12. There is a large
    "rubbish heap" that I believe is always smoldering.
13. There is a
    pond.

That's about what I can remember of the farm.  There might
be a spot or two I am forgetting, but I think I've hit all the big ones.  Good
luck!

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

The cell
theory is an explanation of what cells are and why they exist.  The three main parts are:  1)
All living things are made of cells and their products,  2) New cells are created by old cells
dividing into two, and  3) Cells are the basic building units of life.  In 1665, Robert Hooke
observed, with the aid of a crude compound microsope, the structure of a thin slice of cork. 
The structure resembled stacks of hat boxes, or holding cells, so he called what he observed
"cells".  In 1674, Anton von Leeuenhoek observed, in a sample of pond water, small
animal-like creatures swimming around.  He probably was looking at Spyrogira, but he called
these small organisms "animal-cules".  Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden are
responsible for formulating the first two parts of the cell theory, which was a scientific
explanation of what these scientists had observed up to this point.  A few years later, Rudolph
Virchow added the third part of the cell theory, that all things are composed of these basic
building blocks called cells.

What is the new Kelvin temperature of a gas if originally 62.0 ml of the gas was at a temperature of 373 K and a pressure of 120 KPA and the volume...

We can use
the combine gas law to solve this problem. It is expressed as:

`(P_1
V_1)/(T_1) = (P_2 V_2)/(T_2)`

• P1 = 120kPa = 1.1844 atm


• V1 = 62 mL = 0.062L
• T1 = 373

• P2 = 80 kPa...

  
  

  href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_gas_law">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_gas_law

What does the following sentence mean in Emma by Jane Austen? "The Woodhouses were first in consequence there."

We are at
the start of 's novel, . Austen is introducing the character of Emma
Woodhouse, who is:

handsome, clever, and rich, with a
comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence;
and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex
her.

But soon enough, Emma is vexed and distressed. She
and her father live in the country estate of Hartfield, near the village of Highbury. For
several years, Emma has been blessed with the company of her governess, friend, and intellectual
companion, Isabella Taylor, but now Isabella has married and moved with her husband to another
village. Emma's sister is far away and rarely visits from London....

How can art reveal the truth?

While
truths are not always an objective reality, such as one's subjective understanding of self, art
is a form in which these truths are represented. Art is often used as a political statement that
casts light on oppressive governments or societal structures. Social movements around the world
have used art as a means of relating people to a social or political struggle in a way that is
relatable and palatable. For instance, murals and graffiti on trains have been used since
the...

Why did the French Revolution become so bloody?

The
French Revolution was particularly bloody due to the level of repression by the French monarchy
andthe determination and militant resistance displayed by the French revolutionaries. The French
Revolution consisted of a popular struggle of both working class people in the cities and rural
spaces, as well as the emerging middle-class merchants of the cities and ports. The interests of
these two distinct classes were not the same in their motivations for the revolution, but they
held the same enemy, which was the French monarchy. However, the tensions between the working
class and rising bourgeoisie in the revolution attributed to the violence as the factions
engaged in internal fights once the monarchy was disposed. The invention of the guillotine just
prior to the French Revolution allowed for quick and numerous executions by the French monarchy,
and then, with the...

In the movie Lean on Me, how does Mr. Clark change during his time as princial and why do some parents want him removed?

In the
movie Lean on Me, Mr. Clark is hired as principal of Eastside High School after students
physically attack a teacher after school. The incident highlights the school's problems with
violence and disorder. As new principal, Mr. Clark uses strong, forceful measures to
re-establish a sense of order. Many parents and community members disapprove of his measures.
For example, one day out of the blue, Mr. Clark expels hundreds of students with reputations as
gang members or drug dealers. He does not go through the official protocol of issuing out
warnings, suspensions, and other less harsh disciplinary methods. Instead, he unilaterally
decides to bypass those processes. Parents of the effected students begin advocating for Mr.
Clark's removal. Another controversial method he uses is to  lock down the entire school
building with chains in order to keep drug dealers out.

Mr. Clark's
transformation in the movie is that he becomes a less harsh disciplinarian, and grows into a
paternal figure with a gentle side. He begins not only to discipline wrongdoing, but also to
counsel troubled students and to exercise mercy toward them rather than strictly punitive
measures. He wins the students over and creates a school culture of pride and respect. His
character goes from being a fairly one-dimensional hard-handed tyrant to a more complex,
empathetic, nuanced character. By the end of the movie, Mr. Clark is comfortable openly
expressing emotions such as sadness, concern, and compassion.

According to the narrator, how did Laurie change when he started kindergarten in the story "Charles" by Shirley Jackson?

's narrator in
"" is apparently a deluded mother. Her thinking that her child has transformed on the
day he goes off to school, before ever entering the kindergarten classroom, is unfounded at
best.

According to the mother, who narrates, on the first day of school, her
"sweet-voiced" tot suddenly transform into a "long-trousered, swaggering
character" who walks with an older girl and forgets to turn and wave goodbye to his mother.
Then, in the afternoon, he returns and announces his arrival by flinging open the front door.
Curiously, the mother never scolds her son when he exhibits inappropriate behavior. The father
makes a feeble attempt at disciplining Laurie but does not follow through with sufficient
parental effort when the boy ignores him. For instance, after Laurie tells his parents that a
boy named Charles was rude at school, and the teacher spanked him and ordered him to stand in a
corner, he takes a cookie and walks off despite the fact that his father is telling him to stay
put.

Ironically, the mother narrates that "Charles was an institution in
our family." She adds, "Laurie did a Charles when he filled his wagon full of mud and
pulled it through the kitchen." The husband is equally obtuse as he comments about
something Laurie has done, describing it with the words "[L]ooks like
Charles."

How were the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean used to link the West to the East?

The Silk Road was
the name given to a number of various routes which traversed the countries between the East and
West, quite often via the Indian Ocean. The purpose of these routes was to facilitate trade
between the East and the West and allow traders to transport and sell their wares in the most
efficient manner. These routes have existed since the time of ancient civilisations: for
example, the Chinese developed silk production around 2700 BC and began to export it to the
Romans shortly after. 

Interestingly, the name 'Silk Road' was only invented
in the 19th century - contemporary traders did not use any particular names for the trade routes
they used. This name was invented by a German geologist called Baron Ferdinand Von
Richthofen. 

international business What impact do professional sports have on INTERNATIONAL business?

Advertising
dollars are also a huge factor in all business. Each country has its own sports teams which
would be televised, plus there are many American professional teams and players who have
international following, and advertising dollars are going to flow all over the world with big
events like the Super Bowl. the World Cup, the Olympics, and the like.

Compare how Susie is seen by others and how she sees herself. Use examples from the book.

Susie sees
herself as not worthy of love or memory. She disparages herself. Her siblings look up to her
and...

What are the psychological needs of high school/ higher secondary school students? I am a teacher trainee and I have to submit an assignment.

Students in
high school are still trying to decide who they are now and who they are going to be in the
future.  They need the comfort to be who they are and the freedom to explore who they might be. 
A curriculum that focuses on self-discovery and a teaching staff that understands and
appreciates the unique developmental aspects of adolescence are the key.

What was the significance of the Boston Massacre?

was a
very significant event. On March 5, 1770, British soldiers fired into a crowd gathered outside
of the Custom house in Boston. After the shooting stopped, five colonists were dead.

This event was significant for a number of reasons. First, it had shown how the
relationship between the British and colonists had deteriorated, especially in Massachusetts.
Once blood was shed,...

If f(x) = x^6+4x^4+3x, find the second derivative of f''(x).

We have the
function f(x) = x^6 + 4x^4 + 3x and we have to find the second derivative.

First let's find...

What does the scarlet letter mean to Pearl in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter?

For ,
her mother's whole identity is bound up with the scarlet letter.and the outward symbol of her
adultery are inextricably linked in Pearl's mind, appropriately enough, as Pearl herself is the
living embodiment of Hester's transgression.

Ironically, what to Hester is a
symbol of restriction is a symbol of freedom for her daughter. The lively, free-spirited elfin
child that is Pearl is literally an outlaw, someone unconstrained by any human law or church
doctrine. Banished with her mother beyond the physical and moral boundaries of respectable
society, she enjoys a greater degree of freedom than any of the children in the town. It's no
wonder, then, that Pearl is initially reluctant to accompany her mother andin leaving New
England. Not only does throwing off the scarlet letter change Hester's identity...

Describe the "Yes and No" game Scrooge witnesses at his nephew's Christmas party.

In Stave
III of, Ebenezer Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas
Present.  During their sojourn, the spirit takes Scrooge to the home of the old misers nephew,
Fred, who is entertaining friends and clearly enjoying the camaraderie amid the spirit of the
season.  Scrooge observes the group playing a series of games, one of which is called Yes and
No, and is described as follows:

. . .Scrooges nephew
had to think of something, and the rest must find out what; he only answering to their questions
yes or no, as the case was. The brisk fire of questioning to which he was exposed, elicited from
him that he was thinking of an animal, a live animal, rather a disagreeable animal, a savage
animal, an animal that growled and grunted sometimes,...

href="http://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Dickens/Carol/Dickens_Carol.pdf">http://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Dickens/Carol/Dickens_Carol...

In Coelho's The Alchemist, identify three instances where Santiago has to pay a price to fulfill his Personal Legend, and explain whether he ever finds...

In 's
, there are three specific times when Santiago (the boy) is required to pay
a price to find his Personal Legend.

First, the gypsy (in exchange for
analyzing his dream), demands a tenth of his treasureif he finds it. He
agrees. Next, the King of Salem, Melchizedek, demands a tenth of Santiago's sheep if Santiago
wants to learn of his treasure. Again, Santiago agrees. In promising a tenth of his treasure and
giving away a tenth of his sheep, Santiago seems rather stoic.

When Santiago
has sold the rest of his sheep and has the money from the sale, he is robbed by a
young...

What were the political and economic weaknesses of the Otoman empire in the 19th century?

Sultan Ahmed
I was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1603-1617. He was concerned about the constant
warfare and civil unrest that occurred when a sultan died. The sons of the sultan would quarrel
and inevitably, warfare would ensue.

Ahmed's curious solution to this problem
was that he would no longer allow sons to become active in government. They were essentially
prisoners in the palace until it was their time to govern. In this spirit, the future sultans
would only learn to enjoy the extravagances of palace life and not learn the skills needed to
run a massive empire. This policy would consistently produce completely incompetent rulers that
could not possibly govern such a large empire. It also meant that the sultans would no longer
lead their armies in battle, which produced an elite class of military men within the
empire.

The lack of strong central leadership led to corruption and bribery
in the government that further weakened the political system. The rise of an incompetent central
government led to regional or local governments gaining more autonomy and authority. Different
regions of the empire did not trust the sultan to protect their interests so they started to
exert their own authority. This resulted in a stark decline in tax revenue to Istanbul. With
less revenue, the government became more inept, and the military suffered as a result. This all
happened over the course of two centuries and coincided with the rise of the European empires of
England, France, Russia, and Austria.

What is a main idea/theme for the Book "Catching Fire" by Suzanne Collins?

As is the
case in many pieces of literature, there are several possible themes or main ideas in , the
second book in the Hunger Games trilogy by .  Government control, survival, and the
responsibility that comes with power are three themes that can be identified in the
book.

Catching Fire is a dystopian novel, which means that government control
plays a very important role in the novel's plot and is an important topic; in fact, the Hunger
Games only take place because of Panem's government's belief that it must control its citizens. 
The existence of District 13 is obscured from those who live in Panem in order for the
government to maintain control in the way it prefers.  Nearly every element of Katniss's life is
subject to some intrusion by the government, from the food she eats to her loved ones'
well-being.

Katniss, Peeta, and the other tributes must overcome seemingly
insurmountable odds to survive not only in the arena, but also in their everyday lives.  The
need to survive dictates the decisions Katniss makes and forces her to sacrifice many things
that she holds dear, especially her relationship with Gale.

The idea of
responsibility is critical to the development of Catching Fire.  There is a question as to
whether Katniss is responsible for the citizens of District 12 (and the others), since President
Snow forced her to play the role she embodies in public.  Also, is Peeta responsible for Katniss
because she saved his life? Haymitch's responsibility to protect Katniss and Peeta, District
13's responsibility to help the innocent citizens of Panem, and Katniss's responsiblity for Prim
and her mother are also matters related to the main idea of
responsibility.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3TrLczE9Oo Could someone help me find a scene in the beginning, middle and end of the movie The Glass Menageriewhere...

The
three examples I have picked involve Amanda, Tom, and Jim respectively. Note: this movie
adaptation follows the original play very closely and I will give the scenes from the play in
which these examples occur.

The first example is from the family dinner-time
scene at the start (scene 1 in the play) where Amanda is reminiscing about her gilded youth in
Blue Mountain when she was a Southern Belle, living the gracious life of an aristocrat with lots
of servants and, even more, no end of €˜gentleman callers. She remembers one time in particular
when no fewer than seventeen callers came on a Sunday afternoon. In fact she is continually
remembering her past, she clings to the memory of those past days, because her present life is
so different. She has been abandoned by her husband €“ who as a young man swept her completely
off her feet with his charm,  but who turned out to be a drinker and wastrel. She has been left
living in a rundown apartment with very little money, with a...

One Direction .vs. The Wanted What do you guys think?Who's better?

One Direction seem
to have more of an international reputation (ie we have heard of them here in NZ). If you decide
that current popularity reflects success in the field of popular music, then One Direction would
get my vote.

What is the symbolism of ice in Frankenstein?

We first see ice in the letters of , who introduces the frame narrative through letters
that he writes to his sister. Walton is on a journey to the North Pole in an effort to find a
passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic. In this setting, we see ice emerging as a symbol of
unexplored territory.

The primary plot follows, with pushing scientific
knowledge and boundaries to create a humanlike being via his own, independent work. Frankenstein
explores realms of science that have never been touched and lives to regret doing so. He spends
most of the book in conflict with the being he's created and offers no guidance or support to .
Completely isolated and desperate for companionship, the creature finally returns to his creator
to argue that Frankenstein should create a companion for him. Note Frankenstein's inner
dialogue:

A creature who could exist in the
ice caves of the glaciers and hide himself from pursuit among the
ridges of inaccessible...

In George Orwell's novel 1984, why does Julia pick Winston to be her next lover?

In s novel
,choosesto be her next lover for a number of reasons, including the
following:

• When she first saw him, she immediately sensed that he
  was opposed to the Party and was thus a potential lover, since she also opposes the Party. Thus
  she says to Winston:

Im good at spotting
people who dont belong. As soon as I saw you I knew you were against them.
(p. 122, Signet edition)

• She considers sexual
  relations a means of revolting against control by the Party.
• She hates the
  kind of so-called purity and goodness dictated by the Party.
• She actually
  enjoys sexual relations. Raw physical desire is something the Party cant entirely
  control.
• She takes pleasure in outwitting the Party, even though her
  opposition to it is not especially principled or intellectual.
• She
  recognizes that if the Party can control or suppress sexual instincts, those emotional energies
  can instead by made useful to the Party for its own political purposes.
• She
  recognizes that sex threatens the Party in other ways, since it robs of the Party of energies it
  might be able to use in its own interests. Sexual activity makes the people who engage in it
  briefly apathetic toward the Party.
• She uses her sexual attractiveness to
  help encourage Winston in his own hidden revolt against the Party. With Julia to desire, he has
  something to live for. Thus her affair with him helps strengthen him and (slightly) weaken the
  Party.
• She seems to enjoy taking the initiative in planning the details of
  their trysts.  Having the affair with Winston helps increase her own sense of power and
  independence.

Thus Julia chooses Winston for a variety of
reasons, although she might just as easily have chosen anyone else whom she strongly suspected
of disloyalty to the Party.

For evidence to support the points just listed,
see Book II, Chapters 1-3 of the novel.

In Dante's Inferno, what are five examples in which a human interacts with gods in their lives?

There are
two complications worth discussing before delving into the various particular examples that you
are asking for. The first is that while Inferno does combine pre-Christian
Pagan influences with Medieval Christianity, the universe of Inferno is
ultimately a monotheistic one in which all power radiates downward from the Judeo-Christian God.
From that perspective, there are no "gods" in Dante's universeonly the one
Judeo-Christian God. Additionally, it is worth noting that the entire scope of Inferno
unravels outside of normal life. We follow Dante as he travels through the various
circles of hell. From that perspective, the interactions between humanity and the divine are not
occuring on the mortal plane of existence but rather on the immortal, spiritual one. With that
being said, here are some examples of the ways various gods and mythological/theological figures
are invoked in the Inferno.

The first and most
important is, of course, the Judeo-Christian God, who is the supreme...

What is the message of Shaw's Pygmalion?

Shaw's
socialism is also relevant here. In the figure of Eliza Dolittle, he wants us to see how the
working classes are so often cynically exploited by the social elite, as exemplified by the
manipulative Sir Henry Higgins. The likes of Higgins don't see the lower orders as real people
in their own right. They're little more than objects, who, if they're not being exploited
economically, are used as guinea pigs in social science experiments.

However,
Eliza is able to break free from this cycle of exploitation and assert herself as the dignified
human being she always was, which she was never given the chance to do by a society in which
wealth and appearance are everything. Indeed, it says a lot about this society, which Shaw so
witheringly critiques in , that it can only...

What is the plot of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne? What is the conflict or goal, and how is the character trying to solve or achieve it?

The plot begins when Bruno's father is given a promotion from Hitler himself, which
requires moving the family out of Berlin, a setting that Bruno adores. When he arrives at his
new location, he is disappointed with the remoteness of it, having only his sister for
companionship.

Eventually, his sense of adventure leads him to explore the
area around his house more, and he finds the fenced-in area with the people wearing
"striped pajamas" that he has seen from his bedroom window. His father has forbidden
him to explore this fence line, so Bruno keeps the adventure a secret. As he walks, he
encounters Shmuel, a boy inside the camp (which is Auschwitz, though Bruno struggles with the
pronunciation). The two become friends, but Bruno is so far removed from the brutality of
Shmuel's life that he cannot grasp much of what his friend endures.

Bruno's
goal is to enjoy a rich friendship, which he has missed since having to leave Berlin. He visits
Shmuel almost daily, bringing him food, though he...

From Hesters daydreams while on the scaffold, what does the reader learn about her family background and legacy?

Asstands on
the scaffold with all the puritans looking up at her, she thinks back to a simpler life in what
she calls "Old England." Before she arrived in America she used to live in a village
in relatively impoverished conditions. The author describes her house as a decayed building made
out of gray stone. Above the door, it had a shield of arms that had no doubt once belonged to a
proud and well-off family but was now "half-obliterated."

She sees
her father and mother's face. Her father had a "reverend beard that flowed over her
old-fashioned Elizabethan ruff." In comparison, her mother has "a look of heedful and
anxious love." She remembers the sting of her mother's mild admonishments.

Her memory continues to show her a "pale, thin scholar whose bleared eyes ... read
the human soul." She doesn't say exactly where this scholar was from, but apparently he
taught her in a Continental city full of narrow throughways and cathedrals. It seems that
somehow, despite her parent's poverty she was well educated in a city outside of England, most
likely Europe.

At the end of the chapter, her mind returns to reality and she
is back in the market square with the puritans waiting to judge her.

He remembered that grey eyes were the keenest. Explain.

As Peyton
Farquhar is being shot at, he supposedly sees the shooter's eye "gazing into his own
through the sights of the rifle," which would actually have been quite remarkable,
considering the distance between himself and the shooter; the reader should be awared that this
observation is probably only a part of the fantasy that takes place as Farquhar dies. 
Apparently, Farquhar has previously come across some piece of literature that suggests that grey
eyes are superior to all other colors in regard to seeing (exceptionally) well at a distance,
which is a sign of a superior marksman.  Whether this notion is based on the rarity of the eye
color, its assumed relation to the eye color of animals known for their keen senses (wolf, hawk,
etc.), or some trait inherent to the color, such as a predisposition to be unbothered by the
glare of the sun, etc., is unknown.  At any rate, the color of the shooter's eyes and his
presumed prowess as a marksman definitely tie into the general idea of Farquhar's fantasy, in
which he appears to be a great, and almost superhuman, hero.

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, how does Juliet feel about both Tybalt's and Romeo's deaths?

We do not
learn a whole lot about 's feelings for , so we do not really know how Tybalt's death truly
affects her, accept in the way that his death is associated with .

We can
assume from Act 3, Scene 2 that Juliet cared very much about her cousin and that the news of his
death shocked her. When Juliet is still trying to find out from her Nurse exactly what happened
to Tybalt and Romeo, she refers to Tybalt as "my dear-loved cousin," and to Romeo as
"my dearer lord." The phrase referring to Tybalt tells us that Juliet did truly care
for Tybalt and is distressed to hear he has been killed. Her love for Tybalt can also help to
explain why Juliet felt so deceived by Romeo when she first learns that Romeo killed Tybalt. It
is not just the fact that Romeo committed a murder that makes her next call him a "fiend
angelical!," it is the fact that Romeo killed someone she loves that is making her feel so
beguiled. Juliet's string of oxymorons show us just how duped she feels by Romeo and his
charms:

Beautiful tyrant! fiend
angelical!
Dove-feather'd raven! wolvish-ravening lamb
...
Just
opposite to what thou justly seem'st,
A damned saint, an honourable villain!
(III.ii)

However, her love for Romeo soon outweighs her
love for Tybalt and, soon realizing that Tybalt would have killed Romeo had he not killed Tybalt
first, she forgives Romeo and quickly restores her faith in him. The sorrow she felt over
Tybalt's death is soon drowned by the realization that Romeo has been
banished.

Similarly, her love for Romeo makes her feel anguished when she
awakes in the tomb in the final scene realizing that Romeo has poisoned himself to death. Now
that her husband is dead, she does not feel that she can continue living and first tries to
poison herself by kissing his lips and then kills herself with his
dagger.

Hence, Juliet is sorrowful and feels deceived by Romeo when she first
learns that Tybalt has been killed, but her love for Romeo makes her quickly feel differently.
In the end, Juliet feels agony over Romeo's death. 

What does this quote from Walden mean? "Still we live meanly, like ants, though the fable tells us that we were long ago changed into men."

Thoreau
is referring to the fact that in modern society man unthinkingly allows himself to be a small
part of a large collective, just like a worker in a giant colony of ants. And to a staunch
individualist like Thoreau that's a pretty sorry state of affairs. He wants us all to affirm
ourselves as unique, distinct individuals with the power to think for ourselves and lead the
kind of lives we really want to lead instead of blindly going along with what everyone else is
doing.

Theto which Thoreau refers is from Ancient Greek...

How does Ichabod Cranes capacious appetite make him an easy target for Brom Bones tricks?

Capacious is an adjective that means capable
of containing a lot. Crane has a capacious appetite for a couple of things. First of all, he
loves food. Many of his thoughts revolve around food topics.

In the porkers he saw carved out the future sleek side of bacon, and juicy relishing
ham; not a turkey but he beheld daintily trussed up, with its gizzard under its wing, and,
peradventure, a necklace of savory sausages . . .

He also
has an insatiable appetite for stories. He loves reading them. He loves telling them, and he
loves hearing about them. Additionally, he prefers the scary and creepy stories. Why he likes
these is odd because he is very superstitious and easily scared. He's so involved with all of
this spooky superstitious stuff, and he is so easily frightened that Crane is actually scared by
his own footsteps.

How often did he shrink with curdling
awe at the sound of his own steps on the frosty crust beneath his feet . . .

Crane is an easy target for a popular, bully type of character like
Bones because Crane is far too gullible and has a vivid imagination. Crane inundates himself
with so much creepy knowledge that Crane tends to assume reality is framed in that creepiness. A
guy like Bones can have great fun scaring somebody like Crane because Crane is likely to believe
every word that Bones says. Bones knows this, and we are told he loves to be mischievous. Crane
is an available target that doesn't really do much to insulate himself from guys like
Bones.

He was always ready for either a fight or a frolic;
but had more mischief than ill-will in his composition; and, with all his overbearing roughness,
there was a strong dash of waggish good humor at bottom.

Why can it be said that George Orwell based the following characters on the following historical figures?: Old Major - Vladimir Lenin, Napoleon -...

One
reason why people would say thatbased characters of  off of individuals in
the Russian Revolution is because they closely parallel one another.

is
shown to be the source of Animalism.  He brings the philosophy to the farm and speaks from a
theoretical perspective that unifies the farm. His persuasion enables the animals to "buy
in."   Old Major dies before his vision can take full form.  Lenin served much of the same
function in the history of the...

What are quotes that show how Tom Robinson's trial affected Jem and Scout in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee?

Several
passages from the book show how the trial and its outcome deeply affectand , especially
regarding their views about the prejudices of their neighbors.

A quote that
shows just how deeply Scout is impacted by the trial is in , when Scout is left wondering after
reading B. B. Underwood's editorial:

Senseless killingTom
had been given due process of law to the day of his death; he had been tried openly and
convicted by twelve good men and true; my father had fought for him all the way. Then Mr.
Underwood's meaning became clear:had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson,
but in the secret courts of men's hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute
Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed. (275)

This
quote shows the terrible realization Scout comes to--that her town is not comprised of good
people trying to do the right thing but by many people filled with prejudice toward Tom
Robinson, and black people in general.

Similarly,...

What are some examples of defamiliarization in "The Veldt" by Ray Bradbury?

There are many examples of defamiliarization in 's short story "." Some of
them are as follows.

a) "His wife paused...and watched the stove busy
humming to itself, making supper for four."

The stove here is some kind of high-tech gadget that cooks
automatically; but isn't every stove a gadget that "makes supper" for you? And don't
even regular stoves hum to themselves? Bradbury has forced us to look at stoves in a new
way.

b) "The house lights
followed...

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Why is Jack unable to kill the pig in Lord of the Flies by William Golding?

Perhaps, it is
less a question of 's being from a civilized society and more his socio-economic class that
prevents his killing the pig. For, there are many civilized people who slaughter livestock such
as pigs, cattle, and chickens. Farmers. ranchers, shepherds, etc. and their sons have killed
animals, sometimes out of mercy and sometimes for food as have hunters who shoot wild boar, elk,
deer, etc. But, judging from the choir uniforms and the group of all boys, Jack and the others
have most likely attended a rather exclusive school and are probably residents of higher-level
neighborhoods in urban areas. And, in all fairness to Jack, shooting an animal, or even killing
one penned or tied is, indeed, different from impaling one with a spear as it charges by as
there is also the element of surprise in this venture. However, as already mentioned, as Jack
sheds his black cape and reverts to a creature closer to the earth himself and experiences
hunger for meat, his qualms about non-essentials disappear.

In "Hills Like White Elephants," how sincere is the man in his insistence that he would not have the girl undergo the operation if she does not want...

While
it is certainly obvious that the American wants the girl to have the abortion, he is not totally
insincere in telling her that he will accept her decision. Proof of this is to be found in the
fact that he actually tells her so no less than five times in this minimalistic story.

The first time he gives her this half-hearted asssurance he immediately repeats
it.

"If you don't want to you don't have to. I
wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to. But I know it's perfectly simple."

"And you really want to?"

"I think it's the best
thing to do. But I don't want you to do it if you don't really want to."

He is clearly giving her an opening to tell him that she definitely
does not want to have the abortion, that she positively wants to go ahead and have the baby, and
that it means a great deal to her.

A little later he says:

"I don't want you to do anything that you don't want to
do--"

And then just a few sentences later:

"You've got to realize," he said, "that I don't want
you to do it if...

What are some questions from part 3 of 1984 (by George Orwell) that could lead to discussion and controversy?

Part Three
of the novel covers the time from 's awareness that he has arrived under arrest at the Ministry
of Love to the end of the novel.

and the state release Winston from prison
because they believe they have completely broken him. He is, as far as they are concerned, a
mere shell of a man, with no spark of humanity left, mindlessly and abjectly devoted to Big
Brother. Is this true? What evidence is there at the end, especially in Winston's memory of
playing Snakes and Ladders with his mother, that he has kept part of his humanity intact? Does
this qualify him as still human? Or did his betrayal oftruly break him?

Second, the novel posits the idea, beloved of totalitarians and later discussed by
Hannah Arendt in her book On Totalitarianism, that power determines truth.
If the state has enough power, O'Brien argues, it can make anything it wants the truth. We see
this demonstrated when O"Brien makes Winston really believe two plus two equals five.
However, does power really determine truth? If so, then why do absolutist or totalitarian
governments have a track record of failure?

Third, O'Brien tells Winston that
power is forcing a person to do something he doesn't want to do. He calls the vision of the
Party a boot stamping down on a human face. What might this tell us about O'Brien's limits? Are
there other forms of power? Althoughwas not a Christian, and in fact, despised the way
Christianity tried to control people, he was brought up in a Christian tradition. Christianity
argues that love is the most powerful force in the universe and will triumph over hate. Could
Winston be right when he looks at the simple bonds of love and family that the proles have
maintained and says that will defeat the Party? Or do events in the novel prove him
wrong?

What is the atmosphere of the novel 1984 by George Orwell? How is this atmosphere created?

Theof is ominous, and this mood is established from the first
pages. Asis introduced to us, the clock is striking thirteen (itself an unlucky number) on a
cold day. When he enters the Victory Mansion, the halls smell of boiled cabbage and old rag
mats.

Winston isn't a specimen of health, either:

He moved over to the window: a smallish, frail figure, the
meagreness of his body merely emphasized by the blue overalls which were the uniform of the
party. His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine, his skin roughened by coarse soap
and blunt razor blades and the cold of the winter that had just ended.

His health seems to be further impeded by the cold days he's
endured, and Winston needs to rest frequently as he tries to climb stairs.

A
telescreen is turned on, and it reportedly cannot be turned off. Readers are quickly introduced
to the Thought Police, the Ministry of Truth, and Newspeak. Winston surveys the landscape around
him and makes note of the physical...

In "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" was Farquhar a federal soldier and how can you tell?

We can tell
that Peyton Farquhar is not a federal soldier because it tells us more than once that he is
not.

First, we are told that he is a civilian.

Second, we
are told that he was from a rich Alabama family.  He is said to be an ardent supporter of the
Confederacy.

We are told that Farquhar is being hanged because a Union scout
(who was pretending to be a Confederate soldier) provoked him into trying to burn down the Owl
Creek bridge.  The soldier was probably on a mission to try to get possible trouble makers to
show themselves.

In the Odyssey, why does Telemachus welcome Athena into his home even though she is disguised as a strange man?

The reason
why Telemachus welcomes Athena, disguised as a strange man, into his home has to do with the
traditions of ancient Greek hospitality. This event takes place in book I of the
Odyssey. Athena has a conversation with her father, Zeus, on behalf of
Odysseus, who still needs to make his way home. They agree that Hermes will visit Calypso to let
her know that that time has come for Odysseus to leave. In the meantime, Athena will go out to
comfort and encourage Telemachus, who hopes desperately that his father might still be alive,
and who is stuck in an awful situation: his mothers many brazen and rude suitors have taken over
the house and are eating all of the sheep and oxen. Penelope doesnt want them there, but no one
has figured out how to get them to leave.

Athena dons her golden sandals
(which give her flying powers), grabs her spear, and heads out to Ithaca to visit Telemachus.
She changes form, however, and takes on the appearance of Mentes, an old friend of Odysseus,
whom Telemachus would not have known personally and could not have been able to
recognize.

Athena arrives at a scene of extravagant outdoor feasting on the
part of the suitors. Telemachus is outsideoverwhelmed and mopingwhen he catches sight of a
strange man waiting at the gates. The text reads, He was vexed that a stranger should be kept
waiting for admittance. Telemachus graciously takes the mans right hand into his own, relieves
him of the spear, and says, Welcome to our house, and when you have partaken of food you shall
tell us what you have come for. Telemachus acts in accordance with the hospitality customs of
his time and place.

Athena introduces herself as his fathers old friend
Mentes, King of the Taphians. Young Telemachus is eager to hear anything at all about his
father, and disguised Athena gives him hope that Odysseus is still alive. She also emboldens and
encourages Telemachus and suggests possible solutions for dealing with the exasperating suitors,
speaking to the young man as a beloved and caring elder.

In the short story, "Charles", by Shirley Jackson, what can a reader infer from the main character's actions and interactions with others?

In the short
story, "" by , a number of things can be inferred from the character's actions and
interactions with others, such as that with each story Laurie tells about Charles, the mother
and father should have been questioning how they raised their own child. 

At
the beginning, the mother is reluctant to see her boy Laurie go off to school, just like many
mothers who wonder what effect school will have on their children.  Laurie comes home every day
with stories of what 'Charles' has done that day, from throwing things at other children,
arguing with the teacher, refusing to do what the teacher wants, to even hitting other
children. 

With each of these stories, his parents should begin to wonder
about their own child. These stories all sound like the invention of a child having trouble in
school. Yet the parents simply accept the explanations he offers.  No one questions him about
his own behavior. 

One inference you can draw from the smart-mouth questions
Laurie asks like, "Isn't anybody
here?" after slamming the door, and from
his greeting to his father, "Hi, Pop, y'old dust mop," is that Laurie's behavior
indicates a boy who has been unquestioningly allowed to do as he pleases in his early life at
home. 

When the parents talk to Laurie when he comes home late from school
with the explanation that all of the class stayed to watch Charles be punished, alarm bells
should have been ringing for them as no school allows such a thing. Yet again, the parents
blindly and unquestioningly accept the explanation.

From this blind
acceptance we can infer that these are loving but unaware parents. When they find out at the end
of the story that there is no Charles in the kindergarten, that Laurie is the one having all the
trouble adjusting, the parents as well as the reader are surprised. 

I
believe that Shirley Jackson wants us to infer that the parents of this world might need to be
more questioning and aware of their children's behaviors, might need to observe more closely,
might need to make children responsible from a young age, and most of all, must be involved in
evaluating how their children are growing up.  If parents simply allow their children to grow up
without guidance, as illustrated by Charles, the world will be in
trouble. 

What is the symbolic significance of the old man and his enormous wings? Since hes called an "angel", is there a religious significance to his...

This story
makes us ask ourselves about contemporary morality and religious belief.  set this story in a
village in his native Colombia, an area that would have been overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. The
man with wings is an ambiguous figure. People raised on Christian iconography would immediately
wonder if the old man was an angel, but other than in his possessing wings, he is quite
dissimilar to angels as they were romanticized in the twentieth century church. He is old and
shabby, a downtrodden creature appearing to the poor and destitute as one of their own, just as
Jesus was a poor carpenter.

Instead, he is more like the Biblical concept of
the angel (a Greek term meaning messenger), something that somehow conveys a message from God to
humans. In this case, the message is not a dogma, but rather a reflection; the old man reveals
to the people their own nature as cruel and materialistic. 

The notion of a
flesh and blood angel refers to incarnational theology, i.e. that Jesus was God made flesh. This
is the central mystery of Christianity, of how Jesus can be God and man, infinitely great and
humble. The old man is similarly a humble physical creature, frail and shabby, not bearing a
great proclamation but rather bringing the hidden goodness or badness of people to the surface
by the simple fact of his existence. 

How do word choices in lines 3, 4, and 8 help make the poet's meaning clearer?

In these lines, the
speaker uses words like "crown" (3), "imperially" (4), and
"glittered" (8).These word choices seem to suggest thatis like royalty, at least, that
this is how he is viewed by others.From the outside, it seems that the man has anything and
everything he could want; he is charming and attractive, poised and wealthy, and so everyone
around him believes that he must be terribly happy.How could he be anything but when he has
everything that they would wish for themselves?Yet, they learn that appearances can be
deceiving.Cory may seem as lucky as royalty, but that does not mean he is happy or even
contented.When he takes his life, he proves that appearances count for very little at
all.

Religion Class: In the film "Gladiator," with Russell Crowe, what is important to Commodus?

According to
the movie's screenplay, the character of Commodus is based on historical facts, while not exact,
but intended to mirror the personality traits of Emperor Galus Germanicus, who has become
infamously remembered in history as "little boots", or Caligula.

Similar to Caligula, Commodus seems to have pervasive mental illnesses that render them
psychologically limited, creating episodes of histrionic personality,narcissism, megalomania and
psychopathy. These traits are often historically conceded as genetic complications due to
possible inbreeding among generations. 

However, in a dramatic difference
from Caligula, Commodus was not the beloved son of his father, nor was he expected one day to
succeed his father's great feats and become Emperor as well. His asinine ways led his father to
bypass the bloodline and make Maximus, a soldier, as Emperor. What this did was exacerbate
Commodus trouble mind, and make him literally more insane. 

Since Commodus
does not have any needs, his life is devoted to sick wants. As a result, Commodus usurped the
throne and engaged in terrible practices that fed these wants over and over. 

In the screenplay, Commodus is supposed to have entered his new life as an emperor
after having nearly destroyed Maximus's life. His first want was lust and that is how he began
to reign.

the emperor Commodus spent the early years of
his reign "in a seraglio of three hundred beautiful women and as many boys, of every rank
and of every province."

The second deadly sin of
Commudus, which became the main ambition of his life, was blood- he set out to conduct wild
games in the Colosseum, and to add murder as one of his hobbies. 

Later, adding bloodshed to his round of pleasures, he launched a career in murder,
beginning with the dispatch of the usual senators, ministers and family members and continuing
with the slaughter of beasts.

Finally, since his
megalomania knew no limits, Commodus based his ambition of mere gluttony for power, for he
needed no more than what he already had. 

Styling himself
the Roman Hercules, he went as a performer into the amphitheater, where he cut down before the
public a number of ostriches, a panther, a hundred lions, an elephant, a rhinoceros and a
giraffe. He then entered the lists as a gladiator. 

As a
gladiator, Commodus paid himself enormous fees that he also did not need. In all, Commodus is
merely a sick, spoiled man with too much power and no more ambition than to proof himself worthy
of something great. Unfortunately that great deed is to outdo his own mischief and make himself
stand out by pushing down who is the true pride and joy of Commodus's father, the usurped
emperor Maximus. 

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What's was the colonial reaction of the quartering act?

The
colonial reaction to the Quartering Act was negative, to say the least. Basically, the colonists
didn't take too kindly to the act at all. To them, it was an infringement on the 1689 Bill of
Rights, which forbade taxation without representation.

The colonists were
angry that they had not been consulted before the Quartering Act of 1765 was passed. Today, many
people believe that the Quartering Act forced civilians to house British soldiers in their
private homes.

href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Quartering-Act">https://www.britannica.com/event/Quartering-Act
href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/parliament-passes-the-quartering-act">https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/parliament-pa...

What are some songs that relate to Mercutio in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

Some of the
contemporary songs that remind me most of 's wild, provocative spirit are Drake's
"Energy" and "0 to 100." Both of these songs discuss violent conflict and
pose the same sort of braggart's attitude that Mercutio over-confidently retains up until his
death.

In "0 to 100," Drake raps that it's important to "know
[what] you're worth" and that his "actions been louder than [his] words." In
"Energy," Drakes states, "I got enemies, got a lot of enemies, got a lot of
people 'tryna' drain me of this energy," while also claiming, "I hear fairy tales
'bout how they gon' run up on me; well, run up when you see me then and we gon' see." Both
songs echo Mercutio's voluntary involvement in the conflict between the Montagues and Capulets
and his belief that he could beatin a duel. Although light-hearted around his friends, Mercutio
can also be quite aggressive, and he fatally underestimates the threat that Tybalt poses, much
like Drake in these songs. 

Just as a warning, please be aware that these
songs are provocative and contain explicit content and language. There is a parental advisory
for both, so please consult your parent or guardian before listening to them if you are under
18! 

What is the main theme in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice?

As the
title suggests, the main themes in really
are pride and prejudice.
is shown to be guilty of prejudicially judgingto be prideful. In
addition, it turns out that improper pride is actually the reason behind Elizabeth's prejudice.
Finally, while Darcy is recognized as feeling above his company,
the reality is that he really is the most noble character in the book and found to actually not
have any improper pride. We know that pride and prejudice are the most dominant themes in the
book because it is these two themes that create the main conflict
in the story, which is Elizabeth's dislike of Darcy and Darcy's unrequited love for Elizabeth,
also expressed as character vs.
character.

Elizabeth first
realizes the error of her judgements after reading Darcy's letter explaining his thoughts on her
family's behavior and his history with . It is after this that she realizes she foolishly judged
Wickham to be the most amiable man she's met simply because he is conversational and friendly.
Likewise, she realizes that she judged Darcy to be a despicable man partially because he is
reserved and standoffish and partially because of what Whickham told her about Darcy's treatment
of him, which turned out to be all lies. As Elizabeth herself expresses it:

How despicably have I acted ... I, who have prided myself on my
discernment ... Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind. (Ch.
36)

Hence we see that it is truly
Elizabeth who has had the wrongful
pride and that her pride has caused her to prejudicially
misjudge both Darcy and
Wickham.

Darcy
expresses a very central point towards the beginning of the book. He argues that
"pride--where there is a real superiority of mind, pride will be always under good
regulation" (Ch. 11). His point is that people who genuinely do have a greater, more
intelligent understanding than others and who act upon principles and morals while others fail
to do so really should feel genuine pride. And he is shown to be right. All throughout the novel
Austen shows us that there really are people who have limited sense and understanding, such as ,
and who act in immoral, imprudent ways, such as the rest of the entire Bennet household,
especially , and Wickham. Darcy, on the other hand,
always acts upon morals and principles and even rescues Lydia and
the whole Bennet household from disgrace. Hence, Darcy really is shown to be
superior in both sense and morals to
otherin the book, which is why Elizabeth says towards the end of the novel, "Indeed he has
no improper pride" (Ch. 59). However, Darcy is also proven to have felt himself to be above
his company and to have looked down on others simply because of
their connection with the merchant class. Darcy makes this realization by the end of the novel
and repents having acted upon his principles with "pride and conceit" (Ch. 58). Hence
we see that Darcy had genuine reason to appreciate, or take pride in, his sense and morals, but
was also guilty of acting in a way that judged and criticized others.

What are the Rousseau's criticisms of the Enlightenment?

Rousseau prefigured much of the later Romantic criticism of the Enlightenment. He looked upon
society as developing organically, with all its elements inextricably linked. This put him in
conflict with the mainstream of Enlightenment thought that tended to regard society as a loose
collection of individual atoms. Rousseau rejected this conception, as it alienated individuals
from each other. According to Rousseau's vision of society, individual citizens were naturally
bound to each other, and political institutions needed to reflect this. Everyone needed to be
able to see themselves reflected...

Describe the tone used in the poem, "Richard Corey."

""
is a great example of how a poet can use more than one tone in a poem to achieve a theme that is
unexpected or startling.  

The speaker's tone in describing Richard Cory in
lines one through fourteen is admiring, even envious.  He is a man who seems to have it all: the
attention of people in town, a kingly physique ("imperially slim"), and a manner that
is neither self-aggrandizing nor arrogant.  He is wealthy, well-mannered, and the envy of those
who encounter him.  His gifts stand in contrast to those less well-off who "went without
the meat" and waited for things to improve. 

The final lines, fifteen
and sixteen, are delivered in a dispassionate, matter-of-fact tone:

"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,

Went home and put a bullet through his head."

Edward Arlington Robinson shifts the tone in his poem at the end to remind readers that
we can never fully understand other people's interior lives.  The poem was written when many in
the country were struggling through the aftermath of a severe economic downturn, and though
Richard Cory apparently put a brave face on his situation, he carried repressed
burdens.

 

 

Who is Old Major in Animal Farm?

is the "prize
Middle White boar" who had a strange dream about which he wanted to tell his fellow farm
animals.

His real name is really Willingdon Beauty, but he goes by Old
Major. He is quite "highly regarded," and so everyone is willing to come and listen
after their daily chores are done. He has a "wise and benevolent appearance," and he
calls the others "comrades," a word very much associated with Communism and the dream
of equality. He describes the "hunger and overwork" that the animals endure under the
leadership of Mr. Jones, the farmer, and his family, and he argues that the humans are the only
creatures that consume without producing. Why then, Old Major asks, should humans rule over the
animals? He points out how every group of animals on the farm contributes by producing
something. Old Major convinces the animals that "All animals are equal" and that
humans are the enemy, and he inspires the animals to plan a rebellion, throwing them "into
the wildest excitement"...

Provide an analysis of the point of view in "A Worn Path"?

The point of
view in "" can best be described as third-person limited, objective. The audience does
see everything predominantly from Phoenix's perspective. We are only aware of people if Phoenix
is aware of them, and we are only part of conversations in which Phoenix takes part. However,
the narrator is also objective in the presentation. We don't know Phoenix's thoughts, for
instance. When she says out loud, "God watching me the whole time. I come to
stealing," we can infer that she feels badly about taking the money dropped by the man. But
this is only because of Phoenix's out loud commentary. Through the limited and objective
narrator, we are forced to infer many details about Phoenix's personality and character. This
approach also lets Phoenix's actions speak for the narrator, allowing for more indirectas well
as more focus on the action of traveling the worn path rather than focusing on the internal
conflict.

The Destructors Summary

is a story about a gang of
teenage boys in post-World War II London when they decide to destroy a house just to see if they
can do it.

When the story begins, a group of teenagers are
meeting in an impromptu car-park trying to find something to do.  They have recently been
joined by a new boy named T. and their leaders name is Blackie.  T shows up late one day and
says he has been in the house of Old Misery, a man that tried to rebuild most of his house after
the bombs fell.  T. proposes breaking into the house when the old man will be away.

T. raised his eyes, as gray and disturbed as the drab August day.
Well pull it down, he said. Well destroy it.

The boys
worry about the police, but since it is a holiday they are pretty sure they will be ok.  They
agree to meet at the house.  Under T.s leadership, they methodologically destroy it.

He had a sense of great urgency, and already he could begin to see the plan. The
interior of the house was being carefully demolished without touching the outer walls.  When
they are done, Blackie finally asks why they did it.

Thered be no fun if I hated him. €¦ All this hate and love, he said, its soft,
its hooey. Theres only things, Blackie, and he looked round the room crowded with the unfamiliar
shadows of half things, broken things, former things.

Mr.
Thomas arrives before the boys are completely finished, and T. distracts him by telling him that
one of the boys is stuck in the loo.  Mr. Thomas is scandalized that the boys are so familiar
with his house, but he follows.  They lock him in.  They even feed him.

The
next morning, the house is destroyed when a driver pulls away and takes the house down.  He
realizes that his truck was tied to it.  Mr. Thomas comes running out, devastated, but the
driver just thinks its funny.

One of the main themes of the story is that
life does not have inherent value to everyone.  As a people, we have chosen to follow a social
contract.  However, not every person grows up with that sense of value.  Clearly the boys in the
story grew up in a time and place where the wanton destruction of World War II left them morally
bankrupt.

What are some characteristics of confessional poetry?

Laurine Herzog

Confessional poetry characteristically deals with private, intimate feelings and
experiences, and typically these feelings and experiences draw upon themes like death,
relationships, psychology, feelings of depression, sexuality, and moments of personal
trauma.

Confessional poetry is usually autobiographical and thus written in
the first person perspective. It also uses metaphors and...

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What is invited reading and resistant reading?

Invited reading is when a
reader is able to read a text because he or she has the background to do so.  Resistant reading
is when the readers background knowledge or ideology contradicts the
text.

There are many approaches to teaching reading.  In any
case, there is a difference between the writers intent and the readers background.  The readers
background influences the meaning made by the reader.

Invited reading is when
a reader is more likely to agree with or understand the text.

This is more likely to occur when there is a close match between the experiences,
values and understandings set up in the text and shared by the reader. (see second link, p.
13) 

From this point of view, meaning is generated not
just by the author, but by the readers interpretation.  Every reader is different.  Also, a
reader can read something more than once, such as at different ages or stages, and get very
different interpretations.  A reading can be different each time.

This approach does not lock readers into one invited reading. Multiple readings or
meanings can be generated from the same text because of what each reader brings to that text.
(see second link, p. 13)

Sometimes, a reader has a
background or cultural assumption that does not match the text.  In this case, resistant reading
might develop.  This means that the reader does not agree, or does not know about, the content. 
This reader is not going to have the same reaction as an invited reader would.

Reading practices generated from the world-context-centred approach
allow more radical challenges to the texts invited readings, by facilitating a challenge to the
texts cultural assumptions. (p. 13)

Using reader-centred
approaches, readers may read more than the texts invited meaning.  Teachers can recognize that
every reader will approach the meaning-making process differently.  What can teachers do? 
Teachers can help generate invited reading by building background knowledge.  Teachers can also
avoid resistant reading by helping students be more tolerant to divergent or opposing
viewpoints.

Is Fortunatos death poetic justice"?

Fortunato's death in 's short story
"" is almost certainly not any kind of justice, poetic or otherwise. Montresor
mentions at the beginning of the story the "thousand injuries" Fortunato has inflicted
on him, to which he has now added an insult that Montresor cannot overlook. However, we are
given no example of these injuries, nor are we told what the insult was.

When Fortunato meets Montresor during the carnival, he greets him as a friend and goes
with him readily, suspecting no animosity. While it is true that Fortunato is intoxicated at the
time, he clearly does not think Montresor has any reason to hate him, and follows his murderer
trustingly into the catacombs.

Montresor is the quintessence of the
unreliable narrator, a type in which Poe specializes. It is quite likely that Fortunato did
nothing at all to harm Montresor, who is merely paranoid, deluded or outright insane. His
assumption that Montresor is a friend who simply wants his opinion on a cask of wine shows
clearly that he did nothing that could possibly justify his grisly fate.

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, what does Romeo's quote in act 3, scene 1, mean: "Either thou or I, or both, must go with him" (130)?

In these lines,is reeling from the death of his friend , who likely saves Romeo's life
in his fight with . Romeo is furious with Tybalt, declaring that he is finished with compassion
and respect for this member of 's family and that he will let "fire-eyed fury" guide
his actions instead.

Romeo addresses this line to Tybalt himself. He is
declaring that the world cannot go on with both of them in it. Not only is Tybalt bent on
seeking Romeo's death, but now Romeo feels he must avenge the death that Tybalt has directly
caused. Either Tybalt must die, or Romeo will die trying to kill himor both of them will die in
their fury toward the other.

Unfazed, Tybalt decidedly responds that it is
Romeo who will be the one to join Mercutio in death, and they fight. This results in Tybalt's
death and sets in motion Romeo's banishment. By extension, this also causes his own death via
the conflict...

What role does Miss Maudie play in Scout's life?

Since 's mother is no longer living, Miss
Maudie serves a maternal role in the novel (along with at least a couple of other women). She
keeps a watchful eye on the children and is always available to listen to their concerns and
offer wise counsel.

Miss Maudie shows Scout how to face adversity when her
own house burns down:

Grieving, child? Why, I hated that
old cow barn. Thought of settin' fire to it a hundred times myself, except they'd lock me up.
... Don't you worry about me, Jean Louise Finch. There are ways of doing things you don't know
about. Why, I'll build me a little house and take me a couple of roomers andgracious, I'll have
the finest yard in Alabama. Those Bellingraths'll look plain puny when I get started.

Her father will soon face intense scrutiny from the town which will
project onto Scout, and being able to witness a strong female's response to difficulty lays a
foundation that Scout will need.

Miss Maudie also lends a patient and
understanding ear to the children's problems. When Scout, , and Dill are upset following the
trial, Miss Maudie brings them to her house for cake and cautiously approaches them with wisdom
and encouragement:

"Things are never as bad as they
seem.

Indoors, when Miss Maudie wanted to say something lengthy she spread
her fingers on her knees and settled her bridgework. This she did, and we waited. I simply
want to tell you that there are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs
for us. Your fathers one of them.

Miss Madie is one of
the few members of the town who stands firmly behind 's decision to defend Tom Robinson to the
best of his abilities; she wants his children to know that their father is a brave
world-changer, regardless of what the rest of the town says.

Being a maternal
figure also means providing boundaries at times, and Miss Maudie fills this role with a sense of
humor. When the kids make their first snowman, they create it as a replica of Mr. Avery. Miss
Maudie realizes that this resemblance could cause some conflict, so she helps the children tone
down his most recognizable features and even has a great laugh at Scout's misuse of her own
reference to the snowman's status as a "hermaphrodite."

Miss
Maudie's capacities for warmth, guidance, and encouragement fill a maternal role for Scout and
the other children.

What is significance has the man's drinking an Anis by himself before rejoining the girl at the end of the story?

They
used to have the slang term "dick smithing" to describe what the American is doing
inside the saloon. Typically a man might go into the kitchen to mix drinks for himself, his
wife, and their guests. He would pour out the drinks and then pour himself an extra jigger of
gin or whiskey and dick smith it straight down. It is obviously a kind of selfishness. There
might be several reasons why the American dick smiths an extra Anis del Toro before rejoining
the pregnant girl outside. He may just want to avoid renewing a conversation which threatens to
turn unpleasant. He may feel that she had already had enough to drink, especially since she is
pregnant. They have each drunk two large beers and one Anis del Toro. It seems pretty obvious
that she shouldn't be drinking any more in her condition. But as far as the man is concerned, he
may feel he needs an extra drink. He is a bundle of nerves. The girl is giving him a hard time.
He has all kinds of logistical problems to deal with--and he has to do so in a foreign language.
He will have to find a hotel, then make contact with an abortionist. He may only have a name or
an address. Madrid is a big city. He will have to get the girl to the abortionist and then back
to the hotel where he will have to take care of her while she recovers and in the meantime be
hoping and praying that there will be no complications. He is breaking the law. He could get
thrown in a Spanish prison. What if she dies??? He has no idea how this operation will affect
his relationship with the girl. He is trying to be more patient, understanding, affectionate,
and competent than he really feels. He delays in going outside to rejoin the pregnant girl
because she only makes him feel guilty and anxious. Their conversations are going nowhere
because of the huge, black problem hanging over their heads.

What is the attitude towards the Indians in "Young Goodman Brown?"

When Goodman Brown is
in the forest and overhears voices that sound like the town deacon's and minister's, he hears
the deacon's voice say,

Of the two, reverend Sir . . . I
had rather miss an ordination-dinner than tonight's meeting. They tell me that some of our
community are to be here from Falmouth and beyond, and others from Connecticut and Rhode Island;
besides several of the Indian powows [sic], who, after their fashion, know almost as much
deviltry as the best of us.

Thus, the deacon would much
rather be present at the witches' meeting in the forest than be present for an ordination dinner
for a new minister of his Christian faith. He is excited about the fact that so many new people
are coming from faraway places to tonight's meeting. In addition, he mentions that there will be
several high-ranking Indians religious men present who, in their own ways, know almost
as much deviltry as the best of them , namely, the Puritans. In other words, then,
the deacon seems to suggest that the...

How do poetic devices create an overall effect in "Annabel Lee"?

There are plenty of
aspects of this tremendous poem that you could talk about, but you might like to think about the
way in which the connection between the speaker andis described throughout the poem. Above all,
this is a poem of a love that even death itself cannot separate, and so a key theme is the
nature of their relationship. For example, examine the penultimate stanza and how it presents
their link or bond:

But our love it was stronger by far
than the love
Of those who were older than we-
Of many far wiser than
we-
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the
sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel
Lee.

Note how this stanza consists in a central
comparison of the love of the speaker and Annabel Lee with those who are "older" and
"wiser." The comparison serves to emphasise the deep connection that they have
together and the way in which it defies age and wisdom with its purity and profundity. Likewise,
the connection is described as being so strong and eternal that neighter "angels" nor
"demons" can "dissever" their souls. The word "dissever" suggests
that in some way there is a kind of strong link that not even death can break, indicating the
depth of the relationship.

I hope this gives you some idea of how to begin.
You can go back now and examine other stanzas to identify other techniques and use ofto support
this idea. Good luck!

What style is Albert Camus' The Stranger written in?

' story,
, was originally written in French, in the narrative style, in the first
person. It is considered a "psychological self-examination," however Camus' work had a
twist: thein the story does not provide a detailed description for the reader, leading him or
her to the conclusions that writer has in mind, but rather presents the main character's
"action and behavior" and lets the reader make his or her own judgments.

The primary reason for this is that Camus believed:

...psychology is action, not thinking about oneself.

The speaker leaves too many things up in the air because he has not explained
everything in the narrative. Rather than "spoon-feeding" the reader with
"commentary," Camus describes what the character is "thinking and
perceiving," but the only influence the author provides to the reader is writing that
reflects the attitude of Meursaultfrustrating (to the reader)
indifference, almost to the point that one wants to shake either Merusault
or Camus or both. These gaps in the story by way of Merusault's behavior (or lack thereof),
along with the half-informed opinions of those who testify at the trial, seal Meursault's
fate.

How do Scout, Jem and Dill characterize Boo Radley at the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird?

In
,elaborates on 's fantastical description of their reclusive neighbor, Arthur ""
Radley. Scout refers to Boo as the "malevolent phantom," who Jem believes is six and a
half feet tall and dines on squirrels and cats. Jem tells the children that Boo's hands are
bloodstained from eating raw animals and mentions that there is a long jagged scar running
across his face. Jem also tells Scout and Dill that Boo has yellow, rotten teeth, large eyes,
and drools the majority of the time.

Scout mentions that any small crime
committed throughout the neighborhood is blamed on Boo and says that Jem gets the majority of
his information from the neighborhood scold, Miss Stephanie. Rumors surround Boo that make him
out to be a nefarious, enigmatic person, who enjoys causing havoc at night. As the novel
progresses, the children mature and learn that Boo is a not a "malevolent phantom" but
rather a kind, compassionate, shy man. 

describe the tone of the conversation between friar and the summoner. how do these exchanges affect the portrayals of the pilgrims?

There is a brief exchange between the friar
and the summoner near the end of "The Wife of Bath's ." Allison, the woman of Bath,
has just given a lengthy account of her experiences in marriage and talked about her five
husbands. Once she finishes, the friar points out that the prologue was "a long preamble of
a tale." The summoner responds by saying friars are always inserting themselves into
situations in which they are not wanted or do not belong. He states that "a friar will
evermore be meddling." The two get into a brief but angry conversation, and the summoner
threatens to tell negative stories about friars during the journey. The whole argument seems
unnecessary, but both feel insulted by the other and things escalate quickly. The host urges the
friar and summoner to stop fighting and let the woman of Bath tell her tale. The angry tone
between the two indicate that neither character has much patience with the other and that there
are stereotypes associated with friars.

Later, when Allison starts her tale,
she makes critical jokes about friars, implying that they have destroyed the magic of the world
around them and that they commit sexual assault. This is probably in return for the friar's
criticism of her prologue.

What is the difference between marketing and selling?

This is a
good question. I can see where you confusion is. While there is some overlap between sales and
marketing, there are two important differences.

First, marketing takes place
way before sales. To be able to sell a product or service, there is a lot other work that goes
on. For example, you will need to price things in an appropriate way. You will need to do
research on what products or services people want and how much they would be willing to pay.
Also you would need to know things like the competition, so that a company can actually sell
something and make a profit.

Second, marketing does not end with selling a
product. Marketing does not merely want to make a sale, it wants to create loyal
customers.

Why was the nullification crisis a good thing?

There
are reasons why the nullification crisis was a good thing. Going back to 1798, when the
Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, there had constantly been some discussion by
some states about the nullification of federal laws. These Acts were aimed at the
Democratic-Republican Party. More immigrants were joining the Democratic-Republican Party than
the Federalist Party. By passing the Alien Act, it lengthened the amount of time it took for an
immigrant to become a citizen. This meant that the immigrants couldnt vote until they became
citizens, which now would have taken more years to occur. It increased the likelihood of the
Federalists staying in power. The Sedition Act made it...

What is an analysis of Emerson's poem "Sursum Corda"?

's poem
"Sursum Corda" is a short work that highlights the power of the Holy Spirit and its
intents and comings and goings as the wind. The poem is one stanza of eleven lines.

Emerson is also highlighting that if one has the zeal to know God and diligently seeks
the Spirit, he or she will find it. One does not have to worry if they perceive the Spirit is
hiding from them, their zeal for the Spirit will ensure they attain it because the Spirit
is...

     Inexorable to thy zeal:

...in other words, inescapable to one's zeal. Emerson is also saying that Heaven has
already cast their lot with the person. Heaven will achieve its goals for the person who truly
desires God, Truth, the Son, and the Spirit.

Emerson tells the reader not to
lower themselves to poor excuses in their desire for the Spirit. One is to stand fast and let
the Spirit do what it pleases, because, in the end, as already mentioned, if Heaven has chosen
one for future glory, there is nothing to worry about for one who honestly desires God's holy
power. The truth is that the Spirit dictates the relationship between humankind and God, and not
vice-versa.

What were the reasons against dropping the atomic bombs on Japan?

The moral
dilemma was probably the most frequently cited reason against dropping an atomic weapon on
Japan. It is fairly well countered by the idea that if the United States had not used the bomb,
they would have had to invade the Japanese homeland, which would have resulted in a tremendous
loss of life for the US military. Keeping in mind that Japan instigated the war by attacking
Pearl Harbor makes it easier to drop the moral argument.

Another reason to
choose not to use a nuclear weapon is the "Pandora's Box" argument. Once such a weapon
has been used the first time, might it become easier for other countries to follow suit? It is
true that at that time, only the United States possessed a nuclear weapon, but they knew full
well that other countries would also develop them in time. It's...

How is Miss Maudie able to take an interest in Jem and Scout when her house has just burned down?

Miss
Maudie is portrayed as a composed, confident woman. She enjoys gardening and is considered a
close friend of the Finch family. In , Maycomb experiences unusually cold weather, and school is
canceled when a thin layer of snow covers the ground. In an attempt to keep her plants warm,
Miss Maudie leaves the stove on, and her home catches fire.proceeds to wake the children up in
the middle of the night and instructs them to stay at a safe distance in the Radley yard while
he helps the neighbors save Maudie's belongings. The children watch as everyone helps save
Maudie's furniture, but her home eventually collapses in flames.

The next
morning,andsee Maudie outside and speak to her. Despite her unfortunate situation, Miss Maudie
remains in good spirits and takes time to have a conversation with the Finch children. When
Scout asks if she is upset, Maudie responds by saying,

Grieving, child? Why, I hated that old cow barn. Thought of settin€˜ fire to it a
hundred times myself, except theyd lock me up.

Miss
Maudie then mentions that she plans on building a small home with a magnificent yard, before
turning her attention to Scout and her interaction with . Miss Maudie is able to take an
interest in Jem and Scout because she is a pleasant optimist. Maudie is not concerned with her
unfortunate luck and is able to see the positives in every scenario. She is also a selfless
person, more concerned about others than herself. Therefore, it is second nature for Maudie to
dismiss her misfortune and focus on the children instead.

What is McBride's main argument in The Color of Water? I do not understand what it is. At first I thought about racism, but then it goes on about...

I think
that McBride's main argument is closely tied to his title, and that while most would associate
that title with race, McBride intends for his readers to realize--as he did--that in regards to
race, religion, and education, humans cannot think everything is either black or white.  The
mature McBride looks back on his life and realizes that if everybody viewed every area of the
human existence clearly (the color of water) and neutrally, then we would have far fewer
controversies, whether they be connected to race, religion, etc.

In regards
to the second part of your question, McBride has to discuss religion and education because they
played just as significant a role in his life as his mixed ethnicity did.  While his mother was
white, and that certainly created controversy for her and her children, she was also Jewish, and
her family would not have approved of her marrying anyone (black or white) who was not Jewish.
Similarly, when McBride's mother seeks to get the best education possible for her children, she
must combat not only segregation based on race but also differences in religious philosophy with
the schools.

What were some of the strengths and weaknesses of Athenian Democracy?

Strengths of
Athenian democracy include:

The public exercised direct democracy, which
extended an opportunity for citizens to deliberate on a myriad of government policies before
expressing their individual choice through voting. This organizational structure provided the
people with a chance to participate in the functioning of their government.

The principle of public participation was further affirmed by the Boules, which ensured
that every citizen served in the decision-making Council that supported the public
assemblies.

Leaders were also required to abide by term limits, and the term
limits ensured no individual person became too powerful. Additionally, all leaders were held
accountable while in service, and the public had an opportunity to challenge any
malpractice.

Weaknesses of the Athenian democracy include:

The Athenian form of democracy was a contradiction in the sense that it did not allow
participation of a large section of the public, namely, women and slaves.

The
Athenian democracy was not equitable, and it did not consider slaves and foreigners.
Additionally, Athenian women had no place in decision-making.

href="http://blogs.luc.edu/ilweekly/2011/05/31/athenian-democracy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-2/">http://blogs.luc.edu/ilweekly/2011/05/31/athenian-democra...
href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekcritics_01.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekcritics_...
href="https://bozhidarsgeorgiev.wordpress.com/2013/05/06/what-were-the-strengths-and-weakness-of-athenian-democracy-as-a-system-of-government/">https://bozhidarsgeorgiev.wordpress.com/2013/05/06/what-w...

In the Scarlet Letter, Chapter 11, why doesnt Dimmesdale confess his sin to his congregation?

According to ,
"The Interior of a Heart,"was more than once in want of telling the congregation that
he was, indeed, a hypocrite. In a lighter view of Dimmesdale, he is actually described as
someone who would naturally have preferred to lead a life of truth, but that he was way too
venerated, way too admired, and way too blindly followed by his flock. It would be shocking to
them, aindeed, to learn that their young, godly man was a big sinner.

Dimmesdale tells an approximate of the truth when he admits to the flock that he has
sinned just like them. However, the crowd is way too fanaticized by the pastor to take his word
at face value.

He had told his hearers that he was
altogether vile, a viler companion of the vilest, the worst of sinners, an abomination, a thing
of unimaginable iniquity; and that the only wonder was, that they did not see his wretched body
shrivelled up before their eyes, by the burning wrath of the Almighty! Could there be plainer
speech than this? [...] Not so, indeed! They heard it all, and did but reverence him the
more. [...] The godly youth! said they among themselves.

The same thing will happen eventually in the end when, even after a full confession,
the villagers will pick and choose what to remember about what the priest says, and even they
even talk of the event as one of supernatural nature.

Essentially, it all
comes down to simple cowardice. Why not just say "I was the man who impregnated , the woman
you all hate so much." It is hard to even fathom it. He has built such a strong repute in
this village that the idea of undoing all of it is unthinkable.

Keep in mind
that this is also very telling about Dimmesdale's true feelings for Hester. Has history not
shown us what a man in love is capable of doing? Men have created wars, battled empires, gone
broke, or have voluntarily lost their dignity for the sake of women for ages. Why didn't
Dimmesdale take that step on behalf of his love for Hester? Because there was very little love
for her, or her daughter, to sacrifice everything for them. This is not expressed verbatim in
the novel, but there is a lot to infer from Arthur's other behaviors to conclude
this.

How does spring change the work being done at the tavern in Lyddie?

In spring, the maple syrup
sugar making is done and Mrs. Cutler leaves to sell it.

During
the winter,and the others at the tavern work hard making maple tree syrup into maple sugar.  It
is a frenzy of activity and also hot and exhausting work.  Lyddie is tasked with clarifying
the syrup in addition to all of her other work.

When spring comes, they no
longer need to make maple sugar.  The mistress of the tavern, Mrs. Cutler, went to sell what
they had made.  This made the work much lighter for Lyddie and Triphena.

Work did not disappear with the departure of the mistress, but it
became as pleasant as a holiday. "If I could make life so happy for others just by going
away, I'd go more often," Triphena said. (Ch. 5) 

Triphena tells Lyddie that she can take a few days off.  Lyddie is skeptical.  Triphena
points out that she always does it.  Lyddie wants to make sure it will be all right. 

"If I say so," Triphena said. "With her gone, I'm in
charge, ey?" Lyddie wasn't going to argue. "If you was to wait, the ground would thaw
to mud. Better go tomorrow if it's fair.  Take a little sugar to your brother on the way."
(Ch. 5) 

Lyddie believes her.  She desperately wants to
go home to see her brother. It turns out to be a mistake.  Mrs. Cutler is angry when she finds
out, and says that Lyddie left without permission.  It isnt true, but Lyddie is fired
anyway.

It is very unfair, because Lyddie is an excellent worker.  She is
happy to go though, because she hates working at the tavern.  Her money is sent directly to her
mother and she feels like a slave. Lyddie knows she can make more and have more freedom at the
factory.

In the story "The Bet," why do the lawyer and the banker make the bet?

This is
perhaps the hardest question to try to answer about Chekhov's story. The bet between these two
men seems preposterous. The lawyer at least has something to gain if he can tolerate solitary
confinement for fifteen years. But the banker has nothing to gain. He is putting up two million
rubles for nothing. The only explanation for his behavior is that he feels positive that the
lawyer will not be able to stick it out. In other words, the banker does not feel he is really
risking anything. He thinks the lawyer is taking all the risk because the younger man will not
be able to stand solitary confinement for more than a few years. The banker actually tries to
talk the lawyer out of the bet.

"Think better of it,
young man, while there is still time. To me two million is a trifle, but you are losing three or
four of the best years of your life. I say three or four, because you won't stay longer. Don't
forget either, you unhappy man, that voluntary confinement is a great deal harder to bear than
compulsory. The thought that you have the right to step out in liberty at any moment will poison
your whole existence in prison. I am sorry for you."

The banker also says here that two million rubles is a trifle. He is showing off his
riches and power. This was his motivation for offering the bet in the first place. They were
arguing about capital punishment versus life imprisonment, and he said:

"It's not true! I'll bet you two million you wouldn't stay in
solitary confinement for five years."

The banker is
hosting a big party exclusively for men. Chekhov doesn't have a word to say about vodka or wine,
but there must have been a lot of drinking being done at that kind of party. The bet sounds like
something that might originate between two men who were drunk. Chekhov avoids any mention of
liquor or intoxication because he doesn't want the reader to think the bet was nothing but
drunken talk that didn't really mean anything and would be voided when the men were sober. He
intentionally has the banker try to talk the lawyer out of canceling the bet later on when both
are presumably sober. Chekhov had to do everything possible to make this bet convincing to the
reader, since it is obviously so bizarre and even inhuman.

One of the ways
Chekhov makes the bet seem credible is by having the banker himself admit that it was
preposterous. On the evening before the fifteen years will be up and the banker will have to
forfeit two million rubles, he is still wondering why he got involved in it.

"What was the object of that bet? What is the good of that
man's losing fifteen years of his life and my throwing away two million? Can it prove that the
death penalty is better or worse than imprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and
meaningless. On my part it was the caprice of a pampered man, and on his part simple greed for
money ..."

The banker's explanation is also
Chekhov's explanation. The bet was the caprice of a pampered man and simple greed on the part of
the young lawyer. There is also the certainty, although Chekhov doesn't mention it, that they
were both drunk. At any rate, the lawyer begins serving his fifteen-year sentence in one of the
banker's guest lodges, and this proves that the bet was made in earnest. The reader forgets
about the implausibility of the bet as he becomes interested in the lawyer's ways of coping with
solitary confinement, as viewed from the perspective of the banker.

 

By what name were the ancient people of the Indus River valley known?

The earliest
civilization of India in the valley of the Indus River were known as the Harappan Society, after
Harappa, a major city which has been identified in the area. For some unknown reason, the people
are commonly referred to as Dravidian. Little is known about them, including what they called
themselves, as much of the artifacts of the...

Which character represents Voltaire in Candide?

Critics feel
that if any character is a model of its author, the Scholar, who plays a very minor role, acts
as the voice of .  In fact, this character is often overlooked when he appears in Chapter XXII,
but sometimes the reader is struck by the change in the novel's tone when the scholar
speaks.

In this chapter, Voltaire joins others in playing faro while he is
Paris and loses money. There "a wise man of taste," who supports the hostess, the
Marchioness of Parolignac, sitting by her and responding to the naive 's mistaking him for
another Pangloss who studied cause and effect. After Candide asks him,

Sir, you think doubtless that all is for the best in the moral and
physical world, and that nothing could be otherwise than it is?

he replies,

I know nothing of all that; I find
that all goes awry with me; that no one knows either what is his rank, nor what is his
condition, what he does nor what he ought to do; and that except supper, which is always gay,
and where there appears to be enough  href="https://www.owleyes.org/text/candide/read/chapter-i-candide-brought-magnificent">concord,
all the rest of the time is passed in impertinent quarrels;  href="https://www.owleyes.org/text/candide/read/chapter-i-candide-brought-magnificent">Jansenist against  href="https://www.owleyes.org/text/candide/read/chapter-i-candide-brought-magnificent">Molinist,
Parliament against the Church, men of letters against men of letters,  href="https://www.owleyes.org/text/candide/read/chapter-i-candide-brought-magnificent">courtesans against
courtesans, financiers against the people, wives against husbands, relatives against relativesit
is eternal war.

Reflective of Voltaire's thoughts, the
scholar expresses no concern for metaphysico-theologo-cosmonigology as does Pangloss, who is
convinced that it is the best of possible worlds. Instead, he views a confused world, with
constant turmoil and conflict among men.