Compare and contrast wartime, presidential and congressional ("Radical") Reconstruction.

Wartime
Presidential reconstruction was represented by President Lincoln's "ten per cent
plan," issued in 1863 which provided that new state governments could be formed when ten
per cent of voters in the 1860 election pledged loyalty to the Union, and received a general
amnesty. He excluded former Confederate generals and government officials, as well as those who
left federal government positions to join the Confederacy. Congress responded with the
Wade-Davis Bill which required a loyalty oath of a majority of those eligible to vote, and those
serving in state constitutional conventions must swear to "past loyalty" to the Union.
New state constitutions were required to abolish slavery, not allow former Confederate officials
to hold office, and repudiate any debt from the Confederacy. Lincoln's plan died with him; the
Wade Davis Bill died earlier when Lincoln pocket vetoed it.

After the war,
true "Radical" reconstruction became the order of the day. The MilitaryAct divided the
south into military districts with a military commander as its chief executive. The commander
would determine who could serve on state constitutional conventions, and ratification of the
14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was a condition of acceptance.

The
Military Reconstruction Act was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, but Congress overrode the
veto. Johnson's plan for reconstruction was similar to Lincoln's but it was blocked by
Congressional Republicans.